tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-74786143087561927282024-03-28T00:14:54.541-07:00FemeAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12896523769909376093noreply@blogger.comBlogger69125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-13164021478555050302021-04-15T10:17:00.004-07:002021-04-15T10:17:43.023-07:00Changes in fish consumption patterns: can they tell us anything about fish stocks?<p>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span>Fisheries data
are of paramount importance if we want to know more about rivers and oceans.
With this information, it is possible to monitor and manage the populations of
fish and invertebrates inhabiting these waters, plan sustainable fisheries
exploitation policies and maintain environmental balance, while also guaranteeing
human nutrition and preserving the aquatic fauna.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span>Something
apparently so simple, such as fisheries statistics, however, are increasingly
rare in Brazil and other developing countries. This is why scholars studying
the environment need to make use, with increasing frequency, of alternative
methods to obtain data that can fill some of these knowledge gaps.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span>This is how this
study was born. Comparing information collected in studies that followed fish
intake by families in fishing villages in the South and Southeast regions of
Brazil since the 1980s, we identified an ever-lower consumption of predatory
fish and invertebrates, while the presence of smaller-bodied species increased
on the plates of these families. We also investigated temporal changes in
species richness, diversity and composition, size and trophic levels of fish,
consumption of species threatened with extinction and the functional diversity
of these species, that is, species with different preferential behavior and
habitat. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span>Our findings are
worrisome because they confirm the trends observed around the world for fishing
data. Such trends show that over the decades there has been a decrease in the
trophic level of catches. The trophic level represents the number of steps in a
food chain, in which the top predators occupy the highest levels. Herbivorous
fish, for example, have lower values and omnivores have intermediate values.
Humans tend to consume fish of high trophic level, such as groupers and meccas.
However, these are less abundant than those of lower trophic levels, such as
sardines. These species of higher trophic levels have a greater propensity to
be exposed to fishing above the population's renewal capacity, leading to a
decrease in their frequency in the nets and in the dishes. Thus, they are more
quickly subject to over-exploitation and this is detected by a general drop in
the trophic level around the world. Apparently, we may be seeing the same trend
in the diet.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2MpajMKfOecfQPQvR_Nmq33AAXtLJLzgL2WKAfBkUdINcXb4WBRZ8kMnv5iQKx3ZpCo2hWLutgIOp_nNJO5-3zMllBFmVeWzX6TpSqIYiYkRGtwmQ8Nlw05IEfQlvQnx5QsYU9c6pMlR1/s2048/2021_Ambio_Fisher+diets.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="2048" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2MpajMKfOecfQPQvR_Nmq33AAXtLJLzgL2WKAfBkUdINcXb4WBRZ8kMnv5iQKx3ZpCo2hWLutgIOp_nNJO5-3zMllBFmVeWzX6TpSqIYiYkRGtwmQ8Nlw05IEfQlvQnx5QsYU9c6pMlR1/w640-h374/2021_Ambio_Fisher+diets.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span>Another relevant
change concerns endangered species. According to our study, their consumption
has always been low, but most of these species have changed over time,
suggesting that many, especially rays and sharks, may have become rare on the
plates. We were not able to conclude whether people stopped consuming these
species from before because they decided to do so on their own, which is unlikely,
or whether these former species became increasingly rare and were replaced by
other threatened species in the diet.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">That is why it
is necessary to interpret these data with caution. It is not possible to say
that these species are becoming extinct by only looking at what is happening with
the diet, in the same way that it is not possible to ensure that the lower
consumption of predators or the smaller size of the fish is because the larger
ones are rarer. There are associated cultural factors that we have not been
able to isolate. People may be selling the largest fishes or they simply
stopped consuming some species now that access to the market is easier.
However, these negative trends confirm those observed in the world and turn on
a yellow, almost red light.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Next steps</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span> </span>In addition to the environmental
aspects, many other fields can be explored in the future based on the
information raised in this study. The database we put together is quite large
and may allow other questions to be answered, including those of a nutritional
nature. We have information, for example, about the other food items that
people have been consuming in fishing villages for decades. We can investigate
whether there has been a replacement of fish for other proteins of animal
origin and assess the nutritional and financial value of this replacement,
which could identify aspects related to the health of these communities,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and their food security and sovereignty.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span> </span>So, there is a
huge potential to obtain even more comprehensive data. If we improve our
collections of household information, such as those made by the Brazilian
Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and similar ones elsewhere, by
better detailing the species of fish consumed, we may have an additional source
of indirect information on fish stocks, but this time on national scales.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The paper can be
found here:</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lopes et al.
2021. What fisher diets reveal about fish stocks. Ambio:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-021-01506-0">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-021-01506-0</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Article
originally written by Marcos Neves Jr. (in Portuguese)</span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://www.ufrn.br/imprensa/materias-especiais/45788/mudanca-no-consumo-de-peixes</span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Adapted by
Priscila Lopes</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Priscilahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09892031851343827042noreply@blogger.com27tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-18701044464232639662020-08-12T10:12:00.001-07:002020-08-12T10:12:09.729-07:00Gone with the flow: Belo Monte dam plays with Amazonian socioecological systems<p><br />
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">While COVID-19 is <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">taking
a very high toll on Brazilian indigenous people, especially by</span> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">reaping the elderly, who are the main holders of
forest knowledge</span> <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria;">(<i>1</i>)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span>the moment is being used to bend the rules and to force
environmental deregulation <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria;">(<i>2</i>)</span>. In 2016, Belo Monte, the
third largest hydroelectric dam in the world, started operating partially
despite its expected socioecological impacts over a 100 km stretch known as
“Volta Grande do Xingu” <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria;">(<i>3</i>)</span>. Full dam operation was due
to begin in early 2020 and, along with it, a 6-year highly contested hydrograph
test period that would alternate between a harsh and a harsher flood control annually
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria;">(<i>4</i>)</span>. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">However, a strong El-Niño in 2015-2016 significantly reduced
the river flow to levels that, although above those of the alternate hydrograph,
prevented the natural forest flooding. This natural experiment compromised ecological
processes, including the reproduction and growth of fish and turtles, and
impacted the Indigenous peoples who depend on the natural environment <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria;">(<i>4</i>)</span>. In April 2020, after strong
and continuous pressure from the civil society, the Brazilian Environmental
Agency (IBAMA) demanded the adoption of a less severe transition hydrograph for
the year. This decision was not initially questioned by Belo Monte operating
company, possibly because the Covid-19 pandemic first resulted in a significant
drop in industrial activities, and therefore, in the energy demand. As demand
for energy resumes, a dangerous strategy seems to have been set in motion to
avoid fines and still achieve the required average flow. For example, the
required flow for July is 1300 m<sup>3</sup>/s), which one supposes would be
more or less the daily flow every day of the month. However, the operating
company adopted another strategy: it strongly reduced the flow during the first
20 days of July to an average of 1022 m<sup>3</sup>/s, which compromised
navigation, fishing and regular river-related activities. In the last days of
the month, the company greatly increased the flow to a daily average of 1517 m<sup>3</sup>/s.
By doing that, the company probably maximized its energy production and
decreased its chance of being fined, with no concern whatsoever for the
socioecological consequences of playing with the flow.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dx8ky453XSC5m9_HVDsTn9RgkoQ3OwlLfExtLI-L7xtLFFxk-XeTMmI3ZudgSopabxpaVBMyDyEesAP5TMaGA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Locals leaving the area afraid of further unexpected floods (last week of July, 2020) </span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">Sudden increases in flow were made without due notice to
communities, who still lack alarm systems. The Indigenous peoples reported losses
of boats, engines and ornamental fishponds, which represent, for many, all of
their assets. At a time of extreme vulnerability, Amazonia and its people are
paying the highest price for a policy that promotes impunity <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria;">(<i>5</i>)</span>, with consequences yet to be
seen. This example also raises the question: will this be the “new normal” to
Amazonia’s environmental policies?</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;">By Priscila Lopes, Cristiane C. Carneiro & Juarez C. B. Pezzuti</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> </p>
<p class="MsoBibliography"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria;">1. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>L.
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vida dos povos da volta grande do Xingu. </span><i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria;">Pap. NAEA</span></i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria;">. <b>28</b>
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{page:WordSection1;}</style></p>Priscilahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09892031851343827042noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-71919990749997407052020-03-16T01:49:00.003-07:002020-03-16T08:40:43.834-07:00SERI: A new approach to measure resilience of small-scale fishers<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Do you know what social-ecological resilience means? </span></span></span><span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;"> Well, it can be a little bit tricky to understand but I will try to explain it to you. Resilience is defined as the ability of a system to cope with disturbances while maintaining its functions. For instance, the ecological resilience of coral reefs has declined because of overfishing, rising temperatures, and other factors, which has led to radical regime shifts that make them more vulnerable to natural disasters. In the social context, resilience is the capacity of human communities to absorb changes and adversities while maintaining their livelihoods. For example, fishing communities may maintain their social resilience despite transformative changes, e.g., technological or cultural, that involve regime shifts, such as a shift from a fishing economy to a tourism-based economy, if such transformations maintain or improve their livelihoods. So, when social systems are nested in ecological systems through mutual feedbacks, i.e., fisheries system, the term social-ecological resilience </span><span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;">(SER) </span><span style="font-family: georgia, "times new roman", serif; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;">is adopted.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">But can we measure fishers' resilience? Yes, we can do it. A new <a href="https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss1/art23/" target="_blank">research</a> just published in Ecology & Society proposed a new index to measure social-ecological resilience of small-scale fishers. The SERI – Social-Ecological Resilience Index – is a practical tool based on an integrative ecosystem approach and it can be of great value to marine conservation planning.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The new approach consider the social-ecological system as a whole, that is, human and environmental systems must be considered in unison, as an integrated system. The authors believe that altering the relationship between fishers and fisheries resources could influence fisher resilience, which is likely to depend on how management strategies are delivered and perceived, how environmental changes are felt, and on the intensity of resource dependency (Fig. 1). </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiINP5Pr-rSrO_i_mSMgcU7xumhM-6xt_RSYeHhVB9lvmuQchhOzrkixj_NGZnD0_5Y_s-_xgZfWofEn6wLBGqLHfAW2UUNmPFFQ4kWL2mhm7FPPrwOhsNhWtteNeDelh8WVyKAcCTXhqaP/s1600/Figure+1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="904" data-original-width="1086" height="532" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiINP5Pr-rSrO_i_mSMgcU7xumhM-6xt_RSYeHhVB9lvmuQchhOzrkixj_NGZnD0_5Y_s-_xgZfWofEn6wLBGqLHfAW2UUNmPFFQ4kWL2mhm7FPPrwOhsNhWtteNeDelh8WVyKAcCTXhqaP/s640/Figure+1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">Figure 1</span></span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">: A conceptual framework for assessing the social-ecological resilience (SER) of small-scale fishers as a function of policy, environmental, and socioeconomic changes in the system. SRi = Social Resilience at the individual level; SRc = Social Resilience at the community level; ER = Ecological Resilience. Adapted from Marshall et al. 2009.</span><span style="font-family: "timesnewromanmtstd" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The variables used to compose the SERI are assigned to the individual, community, and ecosystem levels of the fisheries system, because fisher resilience is influenced by fishers themselves, fisheries resources, and aspects related to resource dependency at the community level (Fig.2). </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitZPlyOXgPVv8WHMLaLUSnZHUkemQ-vjkBb6rd9vD-3m83eLz3596qzjfZje6WLTRQ7sWypLAq0MLdCrodxT5jeVGjdxumCl6EkFk1Y2Ec_3dhuR4wUOgdLu4ofqcm3hqaF7RM4Xk-Eu5M/s1600/Figure+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="964" data-original-width="1600" height="385" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitZPlyOXgPVv8WHMLaLUSnZHUkemQ-vjkBb6rd9vD-3m83eLz3596qzjfZje6WLTRQ7sWypLAq0MLdCrodxT5jeVGjdxumCl6EkFk1Y2Ec_3dhuR4wUOgdLu4ofqcm3hqaF7RM4Xk-Eu5M/s640/Figure+2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US">Figure 2</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-US">: Proposed components (three circles forming SERI), indicators (represented by icons), and subindicators (variables in the rectangles) to measure the SERI of small-scale fishers, where SERI = (SRi + SRc + ER)/3. SRi = Social Resilience at the individual level; SRc = Social Resilience at the community level; ER = Ecological Resilience.</span></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1c1e21; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The SERI was applied to fishers living in three marine protected areas located in the northeastern coast of Brazil: Extractive Reserve Batoque, Extractive Reserve Prainha do Canto Verde, and State Sustainable Development Reserve Ponta do Tubarão (Fig. 3). The results show that the social resilience at both individual and community levels and the ecological resilience are important to fisher SER. Given the high contribution of the biological sensitivity indicator to form SERI, together with the lower ecological resilience values found in the three reserves, working toward the protection, restoration, and maintenance of biodiversity may enhance SER in these marine reserves. Individual and community resilience, especially through capacity building and leadership, should also be promoted. In addition, some fisher socioeconomic aspects are crucial to defining individual resilienceamong small-scale fishers in the considered areas. For example, older fishers, fishers who depend solely on fishing, and fishers who had higher-mean CPUEs were found to be less resilient.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBGFfVq9vEBfLXO7BPDf_K_UmhgF9YvCyu8NMOAOsI6_GF3oO4_94WIt1mQUgq67uqEFJZwBcOTIQIOzcOgkFfxelb-TNTx2z3R5KA-MFdz4l92nm3ir8Oov9RrINeUsJv88hyphenhyphenEcljtgnA/s1600/Figure+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="681" data-original-width="937" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBGFfVq9vEBfLXO7BPDf_K_UmhgF9YvCyu8NMOAOsI6_GF3oO4_94WIt1mQUgq67uqEFJZwBcOTIQIOzcOgkFfxelb-TNTx2z3R5KA-MFdz4l92nm3ir8Oov9RrINeUsJv88hyphenhyphenEcljtgnA/s640/Figure+3.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><b>Figure 3:</b> Study area located on the Brazilian northeastern coast, highlighting the reserves located in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. Pictures on the left, from top to bottom: the fisher association in RESEX Batoque, rafts (the main fishing craft in RESEX Canto Verde), and the estuary in RDSE Ponta do Tubarão. </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The findings of this study may provide a key to understanding the most important aspects of SER in coastal areas. By knowing the aspects that affect fisher coping strategies in response to changes to their social-ecological system, we can devise smarter management approaches that inform where conservation strategies and policy decisions are likely to be most effective. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Besides being a feasible tool and to broaden the resilience discussion, this new index is a useful framework that can assist governments and environmental organizations to better understand SER among fishing communities. How resilient are the coastal fishing communities in your country? If you are interested in applying this index to your country, you can find all the necessary information and source data used to calculate the SERI in the supplementary materials of the<a href="https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss1/art23/" target="_blank"> research</a>.</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_1576914821" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Silva, M. R. O., M. G. Pennino, and P. F. M. Lopes. 2020. A social-ecological approach to estimate fisher resilience: a case study from Brazil. Ecology and Society 25(1):23. </span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11361-250123" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11361-250123</a></span><br />
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com25tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-39777703976954961192020-01-30T05:41:00.000-08:002020-01-30T09:31:34.898-08:00Some species play a key cultural role in our lives – could that be used to protect nature and benefit local people?<div style="text-align: right;">
<i>This text was originally published in the <a href="https://relationalthinkingblog.com/2019/12/13/plain-language-summary-some-species-play-a-key-cultural-role-in-our-lives-could-that-be-used-to-protect-nature-and-benefit-local-people/" target="_blank">People and Nature blog</a>.</i><br />
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Protecting nature is a challenge we have been failing to tackle. The
longer we take, the harder finding solutions becomes, given the growing
demand for natural resources by an ever-increasing human population.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgifwOvxpk7RRVgBFut6wh1Z8K9tio0gme68PmbNTnwoLpLoHDIOwDYd3lZDnfRW_9Lyc8gqP-d15d0eHO6uG-Hl4Ecp8AoS5-GigxMjBUfecBTlIDN9Ibj6IaNR8CsjNuy3Alh3JzKN6AT/s1600/Carol_Fig+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgifwOvxpk7RRVgBFut6wh1Z8K9tio0gme68PmbNTnwoLpLoHDIOwDYd3lZDnfRW_9Lyc8gqP-d15d0eHO6uG-Hl4Ecp8AoS5-GigxMjBUfecBTlIDN9Ibj6IaNR8CsjNuy3Alh3JzKN6AT/s320/Carol_Fig+1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Fishers waiting for an arapaima (Arapaima sp.) to come up to the surface
to harpoon it, during an arapaima co-management harvest season in the
Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, Amazonas, Brazil. Photo credit:
Carolina Freitas)</i></td></tr>
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Human activities have triggered the extinction or sharp decline of
numerous species in the last centuries, and the artificial imbalance of
many, if not most ecosystems worldwide. Over the last decades, parks and
reserves have been showcased and implemented as one of the main
solutions to protect wildlife and ecosystems. However, these initiatives
often fail to reconcile environmental goals with the social rights of
local peoples with a long history of living in close dependence on
nature. In many cases and contrarily to expectations, market insertion
has not necessarily undermined the connection, respect and customary
rules local people adopt towards nature, but the collapse of some
species might have such negative impact. Preventing species collapse and
promoting ecosystem protection needs us to include aspects we may have
overlooked. Ecologists have long used keystone species as the basis for
conservation plans and decision making, but what about species that play
a key role in human culture? Could conservation efforts be focused on
these culturally important species (CIS) as a way of protecting both
nature and traditional ways of life? In this perspective article, we use
data from the literature and explore the outcomes of two management
schemes, both encompassing multiple independent initiatives, to show
that the cultural importance of some species should be regarded as a
highly relevant aspect of conservation strategies in places where
natural resource use is critical to local livelihoods. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Y8MS0dGzCWQI5y-Lc9G0ZhKHjDYK5dMhDSkOB42TUqOgcDvSwRoLloiVFZ7T61xIavpzgd-Mc6fuE1wGTcg36pFMCJr3Ju2HVq4ybHN-qQM6TlYuzkm_VuLkwy0QH5lxfO6i0j4SQhyj/s1600/Carol_Fig+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="524" data-original-width="1600" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Y8MS0dGzCWQI5y-Lc9G0ZhKHjDYK5dMhDSkOB42TUqOgcDvSwRoLloiVFZ7T61xIavpzgd-Mc6fuE1wGTcg36pFMCJr3Ju2HVq4ybHN-qQM6TlYuzkm_VuLkwy0QH5lxfO6i0j4SQhyj/s640/Carol_Fig+2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Local fishers interacting with aquatic resources in the Juruá
River basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Left: Man carrying an arapaima (Arapaima
sp.) individual (Photo: Helder Espírito-Santo). Right: Man
carrying a yellow-spotted river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) (Photo: Carolina Freitas)</i></td></tr>
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We argue that
management initiatives focusing on the recovery of CIS will likely
stimulate the interests of local people, their engagement and
compliance, as well as local surveillance against infractions. Local and
continuous enforcement is potentially more effective than official
institutional mechanisms, which are typically funding and
staff-deficient and only sporadically deployed, especially in developing
countries. CIS-management can achieve a wide range of positive
ecological, social, cultural and economic outcomes and be an effective
tool to reconcile biodiversity conservation with local people quality of
life.</div>
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<i style="text-align: right;"> By Carolina Freitas & Priscila Lopes</i></div>
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Freitas et al. 2019. <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Co‐management of culturally important species: A tool to promote biodiversity conservation and human well‐being. People and Nature:</span></span><a aria-label="Digital Object Identifier" class="epub-doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10064">https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10064</a><br />
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<br />Priscilahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09892031851343827042noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-2793051307711628512019-11-22T05:11:00.002-08:002019-11-22T05:12:25.417-08:00Assessing drivers of tropical and subtropical marine fish collapses of Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone<br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">A key step in
facing a crisis is to identify the most vulnerable targets. The current
biodiversity crisis is threatening all the world's ecosystems, causing the
sixth mass extinction on Earth. The marine ecosystem is no different, over 60%
of fish stocks are already threatened due to overfishing, climate change,
pollution and habitat destruction. In the terrestrial environment, it seems
clear that larger organisms are the most threatened because they are easier and
more valuable targets and because of characteristics of their life history,
such as the fact that they usually have slower growth and produce less
offspring, among others. When considering fish, understanding their most
vulnerable traits is not so obvious. Smaller species at low trophic levels are
also fishing targets and are apparently more sensitive to climate variability.
Larger carnivores are more valuable targets, and their response to
environmental changes is slower, which may be an advantage after all. Using a
catch-based analysis, we identified the exploitation status of 132 commercially
valuable fish species in Brazil using four categories: Collapsed stock (when
current catch is less than 10% of historical maximum catch), Overexploited, Fully
Exploited and Development. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></span> </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuG7JCUd-5e4P5C35r9PcisuFc1PLPjLQOx5aC7QUp_APdnsncE7h_78VU05Hg7NfjBICXxi7bCtK77KWqdYKmMJgjlExTouXg_2Dw0zGvJkflrgJihK4CITS9-jd2VRBb8mVE9G6x2cWw/s1600/GrahAbtsr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1121" data-original-width="1600" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuG7JCUd-5e4P5C35r9PcisuFc1PLPjLQOx5aC7QUp_APdnsncE7h_78VU05Hg7NfjBICXxi7bCtK77KWqdYKmMJgjlExTouXg_2Dw0zGvJkflrgJihK4CITS9-jd2VRBb8mVE9G6x2cWw/s640/GrahAbtsr.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><em>Figure 1: Graphical abstract of the study.</em></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Based on this exploitation status, we identified
which combination of characteristics and external factors (climate and
fisheries) makes species more vulnerable to stock collapse. The biological
characteristics tested were maximum body size, trophic level, preferable
habitat (reef, demersal or pelagic) and resilience. As external factors, we
tested sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, type of fishing
(industrial versus small scale) and price. We found that the two most important
factors affecting vulnerability to species collapse were the response of
species to sea temperature and species size. Smaller species negatively
affected by higher temperatures are the most threatened. We suggest that
overexploitation of species with vulnerable biological characteristics affects
the way species respond to climate variability, making them more sensitive to
warmer temperaturas.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Check out the entire paper here:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></span> </div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></span><div class="gs_citr" tabindex="0">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Verba, J. T., Pennino, M. G., Coll, M., & Lopes, P. F. (2019). <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719349320" target="_blank">Assessing drivers of tropical and subtropical marine fish collapses of Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone</a>. <i>Science of The Total Environment</i>, 134940.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><em>By Julia Tovar Verba</em></span></div>
mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com28tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-29167404504603116432019-08-23T04:43:00.003-07:002019-08-23T04:43:46.087-07:00Drivers of abundance and biomass of Brazilian parrotfish<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">During the past weeks Natalia Roos, member of the FEME, published her first PhD chapter in the MEPS 40th Anniversary volume.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">Here below a little summary. If you want to check the entire paper checks here: </span></div>
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<a href="https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v623/p117-130/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v623/p117-130/</span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">The large Brazilian coast encompasses most of the reef environments in the southwestern Atlantic, which are characterized by unique reef formations and high rates of endemism. Parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarinae) are among the most ubiquitous and dominant reef fish worldwide, and in Brazil the group is composed by 60% of endemic species (i.e. six species). It is known that parrotfishes may affect the physical structure and composition of benthic communities through the grazing and bioerosion. Despite their ecological importance, parrotfishes have been intensively target in many regions worldwide. In Brazil four endemic species are now threatened at some level due overfishing, including the largest Brazilian parrotfish <em>Scarus trispinosus</em>, which may reach up to 90 cm of total length. Signs of depletion of these species bolster our need to understand their patterns of abundance and biomass, habitat preferences and assemblage structure across different reef types inform conservation and management. We assessed abundance and size class distributions of six parrotfishes in northeastern Brazil and identified habitat preferences based on reef attributes. Species distributions were variable and related to their respective feeding modes and reef types. Such heterogeneity in habitat use is suggestive of functional complementarity rather than functional redundancy among Brazilian parrotfish assemblages. Moreover, outer-shelf reefs sustained larger individuals for most of the species, whereas inner-shelf reefs supported higher abundances of small individuals. Despite being nurseries or developing areas, shallow inshore reefs sustain intense artisanal fishing activities targeting parrotfishes. The ongoing fishing pressure in nursery habitats may be causing significant declines in adult numbers in deeper outer shelf reefs that are yet to be quantified. Such information may have important implications for management and conservation in the face of increasing fishing pressure on parrotfish. Moreover, conservation of Brazilian endemic parrotfishes requires protecting reefs with diverse attributes in order to conserve functional diversity.</span></div>
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com84tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-71632325323830198932019-06-05T10:31:00.002-07:002019-06-05T11:46:56.633-07:00Who are the losers in the messy and unsustainable fisheries management in Brazil?<br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This is not a difficult question to answer: everyone in the social-ecological system will lose!! From the artisanal fishers to the Brazilian president and from the bottom to the top of the marine food web. In <a href="http://feme-group.blogspot.com/2019/03/brazilian-fisheries-management-musical.html" target="_blank">one of our latest posts</a>, we learned that from the current government we should only expect unsustainable measures instead of measures that could benefit both fisheries and biodiversity conservation. In the foreseeable future, we can expect higher exploitation rates instead of control and protection of vulnerable stocks. As a consequence, fisheries could collapse affecting millions that depend directly or indirectly on this activity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Almost one-third of global fisheries stocks are now overexploited or collapsed (FAO 2016), which is not different in Brazil. The last Brazilian Red List of Threatened Species was published in 2014 (Decree nº 445) and included 475 species of fish and marine invertebrates threatened with extinction (MMA 2104). Instead of being received as a warning sign that we should step on the break and adopt mitigating or precautionary measures, the Red List was met with strong opposition by the industrial fishery sector and even by some artisanal fishers. Those against the list argued about the economic effects this list would have on fishery-dependent people. Did they use any data to back up their claims? No. But I decided to check if fishers had any basis to oppose the list and what they would gain or lose if instead of fishing stocks uncontrollably, we decided to manage them (Silva 2018). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">I investigated how many threatened fish species may disappear from the Brazilian coast in the following decades, and I checked if the fishers’ economic gains would improve or not if stocks were rebuilt. For that, I evaluated the status of specific fish stocks in the Brazilian coastline and explored different management scenarios to provide an overview of the major trends besetting fishers’ economic gains in the medium and long-term. I identified the main endangered fishes targeted by all coastal states and predicted the biomass and maximum sustainable yield for these species. I also created three management scenarios based on the reduction of fishing pressure, and calculated fishers’ revenue in these scenarios: scenario 1 (Current level – historical catch), scenario 2 (20% catch reduction due to management), and scenario 3 (50% catch reduction due to management).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Among the most abundant landed species, ten species were selected for the analyses: <i>Alopias superciliosus</i> (Bigeye thresher), <i>Epinephelus morio</i> (Red grouper), <i>Hyporthodus niveatus</i> (Snowy grouper), <i>Kajikia albida</i> (White marlin), <i>Lopholatilus villarii</i> (Tilefish), <i>Lutjanus purpureus</i> (Red snapper), <i>Mycteroperca bonaci </i>(Black grouper), <i>Mycteroperca interstitialis </i>(Yellowmouth grouper), <i>Mustelus schmitti</i> (Narrownose smooth-hound) and <i>Sparisoma axillare </i>(Yellowtail parrotfish). Artisanal fisheries target four of these selected species: <i>L. purpureus</i>, <i>M. bonaci, M. interstitialis</i>, and <i>S. axillare</i>. Industrial fisheries also catch L. purpureus and M. bonaci, in addition to catching <i>H. niveatus, K. albida, A. superciliosus, M. schmitti,</i> the <i>E. morio, </i>and<i> L. villarii.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Four of these species actually seem to present increasing biomass: <i>E. morio, L. purpureus, L. villari and M. schmitti.</i> In contrast, six species are in risk of collapse (<i>A. superciliosus,</i> <i>H. niveatus, K. albida, M. bonaci, M. interstitialis and S. axillare</i>), and for two of them, the management scenarios we tested did not seem enough to bring them back (<i>A. superciliosus and M. interstitialis</i>) (Hellooooo!!!! These species need urgent help!!!). Here, I am presenting only the historical catch and predictions of these two most worrying fish stocks (<i>Figure 1</i>). </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><i>Figure 1: Situation of the Brazilian fish stocks analyzed, highlighting the two most worrying declining fish stocks. The graphs show the historical catch (Historical) and predicted biomass (historical and 2100 prediction – Predictions) for Alopias superciliosus and Mycteroperca bonaci fish stocks. </i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">After we evaluated the effect of management on declining species, we found that fishers’ revenues should increase in the short</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">term for </span></span><span class="fontstyle21" style="font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">A. superciliosus </span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">and </span></span><span class="fontstyle21" style="font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">M. interstitialis</span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">, but once these species collapse, their</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">revenue will of course drop to zero.</span></span><span class="Titolo3Carattere"><span lang="EN-US"></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">On the other hand, even though </span></span><span class="fontstyle21" style="font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">H. niveatus </span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">and </span></span><span class="fontstyle21" style="font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">M. bonaci </span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">showed higher</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">market prices than the first two ones, their revenues are expected to decrease in all</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">scenarios because their catches are already decreasing.</span></span><span class="Titolo3Carattere"><span lang="EN-US"></span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">However, for </span></span><span class="fontstyle21" style="font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">K. albida </span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">and </span></span><span class="fontstyle21" style="font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">S. axillare</span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">, fishers’ revenues can be maintained and</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">even increased in the long-term if managers implement one of the management scenarios. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Failing to manage these species will keep fishers’ profit for a few years, but once the</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">endangered species collapse all of their profits will drop to zero in a few years or decades, depending on the species.</span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span lang="EN-US"></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;">For these species, the future benefits that fish stocks can provide will</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;">depend largely on how well they are rebuilt and managed. However, fish</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;">stocks can be rebuilt if Brazil takes the responsibility of assuring that fishers and fishes will</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;">not be losers. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;">Short-term pain is necessary for a long-term gain and it is up to the country to make sure that the pain is not felt the strongest by the poorest and most vulnerable fishing groups.</span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h3>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Summing up, I am saying that the fish stocks in Brazil present declining biomass pattern, reinforcing the need to implement urgent conservation strategies. Management actions that forces catch to decrease could be crucial to support the rebuild of these fish stocks and to maintain fishers’ livelihoods in Brazil in the long term. <o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;">Although there is an effort to protect fisheries in Brazil with the Decree nº 445, it is not done seriously by the government. Brazil's Red List has been facing a political battle to define management measures, worsening an already serious problem and ignoring the consequences for the environment and society. The recent update about this novel, it is the request for temporary suspension of the decree by the current Minister for the Environment. To keep things not so good, the Brazilian government is </span><span style="background-color: transparent;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://www.climatechangenews.com/2019/03/29/brazil-official-fined-bolsonaro-illegal-fishing-2012-fired/" target="_blank">firing people for doing their jobs</a>. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;">An employee from IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) lost his position at the environmental agency because he arrested the president of Brazil for fishing in an ecological preserve where fishing is an environmental crime. <o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Well, there is something wrong in this, we are going against what has been done around the world to protect marine biodiversity. We need governments to wake up and take responsibility for the devastating impact of overfishing, instead of presidents who really do not care about environmental issues. The future of all components of the fishing industry chain can be gloomier than ever if the government (and society) close their eyes for what has been happening. Let’s move because we all can be losers!!!<o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>
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<i><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Cited references:<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EN-US">FAO. 2016. </span></i></span><span class="fontstyle21" style="font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">The state of world fisheries and aquaculture</span></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EN-US">. </span></i></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="PT-BR">FAO, Rome.<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="PT-BR">MMA, Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brazil. 2014. Portarias Nos. 443, 444, 445, de 17</span></i></span><i><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-weight: normal;"></span></i><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="PT-BR">de Dezembro de 2014. </span></i></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Diário of União Seção 1, 245:110 (18 December</span></i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-weight: normal;"></span></i><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EN-US">2014).<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="EN-US">SILVA, M. R. O. 2018. Coastal social-ecological systems: an integrative analysis to fishery conservation in Brazil. </span></i></span><i><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-weight: normal;">Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, p. 126.</span></i><i><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-weight: normal;"></span></i></span><span class="fontstyle01" style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="PT-BR"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></span></h3>
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com88tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-80082531769549103162019-05-16T10:51:00.000-07:002019-05-16T10:51:26.934-07:00Following the Fish: The Role of Subsistence in a Fish-based Value Chain<div style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This week we are re-posting a <a href="http://oceans.ubc.ca/2019/05/13/small-scale-fisheries-can-play-a-big-role/" target="_blank">post</a> of the <span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(0, 33, 69);"> </span><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(0, 33, 69);">University of British Columbia about a recent published article of </span>our FEME members Ana Helena Bevilacqua and Adriana R. Carvalho, with Ronaldo Angelini, Jeroen Steenbeek and Villy Christensen. Check it out!!!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Bahia Formosa, RN State, Brasil. Photocredit: MGrazia Pennino.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Small-scale fisheries are important for livelihood in communities, providing jobs and food security to local inhabitants, but their contributions are poorly documented. A new study looks at how modelling can track the benefits provided by a fishery by following the people and activities involved in fish production.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The study measured the contributions of a small-scale fishery in the Baía Formosa area of the Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, to its local inhabitants. The researchers tracked the benefits that were created by the fishery, and what role it played for income generation and food security at the local level.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">“We need to understand the importance of fisheries for communities, supporting food security and employment, and that doesn’t stop when the fish are landed at a port. We need to follow the fish from sea to plate,” said Dr. <a href="https://oceans.ubc.ca/" style="transition: color 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;" target="_blank">Villy Christensen</a>, one of the study’s authors, professor at the <a href="https://oceans.ubc.ca/" style="transition: color 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;" target="_blank">Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries</a> and principal investigator in the <a href="https://www.globaloceanmodelling.org/" style="transition: color 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;">Global Ocean Modelling</a> unit. Along with professor emeritus Carl Walters and other fisheries scientists, Christensen helped develop the value chain methodology along with the modelling software used in the study, <a href="https://ecopath.org/" style="transition: color 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;" target="_blank">Ecopath with Ecosim</a> (EwE).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">To do this, the researchers followed the journey of a fish through its fish value chain using the EwE modelling software. Following the fish value chain involves tracking the activities, processes, and people involved in turning the raw fish caught by a fisher into the final fish product purchased by a consumer. The researchers then examined the benefits created by different levels of the value chain, including what kinds of jobs were created by the fishery, whether the fish caught were mostly eaten by local people or tourists, and other information relevant to understanding the role of the fishery in the community.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The researchers found that the small-scale fishery played a crucial role for the local inhabitants, providing a means for subsistence, food security and employment opportunities.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><i>The researchers found that the small-scale fishery played a crucial role for the local inhabitants, providing a means for subsistence, food security and employment opportunities.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Most fish caught by the fishery were sold at the local marketplace or eaten by the fishers themselves rather than purchased by tourists, which establishes the local importance of the fishery as a means for subsistence and food security. In fact, nearly all of the catches – 94 per cent – were consumed by locals and fishers’ households, contributing to a substantial flow of 18.7 million USD per year into the local economy. Since most fishers were also eating their own catch, they also avoided the cost of buying other sources of protein, which produced average subsistence earnings that put them above the poverty line threshold for fishers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In addition to its contributions to income, the researchers found that fishery also created employment opportunities beyond the fishers themselves. For every fisher there were two people working on land, mostly in restaurants and street markets, where one third of the employees were women. Restaurants also played a large role in the local economy, as they generated 35 per cent of the jobs and 23 per cent of the revenue from only 5 per cent of fish production.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Since the fishery plays such an integral role in the lives of Rio Grande do Norte fishers and local inhabitants, changes to the fish value chain can affect the community’s well-being, and increase its vulnerability and susceptibility to poverty.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In order to predict how conservation policies might affect fishery-dependent communities, the researchers argued that policy-makers and managers must first understand the contributions of fisheries and different aspects of the fish value chain. That way, they say, policies that benefit both people and the environment can be effectively put in place.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The study “<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800917309564#!" style="transition: color 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;" target="_blank">Following the Fish: The Role of Subsistence in a Fish-based Value Chain</a>” was published in the journal <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/ecological-economics" style="transition: color 0.2s ease, background-color 0.2s ease;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Ecological Economics</span></a>.</span></div>
mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-85328554281287025952019-04-24T13:27:00.002-07:002019-04-25T10:58:48.401-07:00What else biodiversity changes could reveal about the effects of marine fisheries?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Biodiversity is essential for the adequate provision of various ecosystem services which we depend substantially upon for, among others, the development of fisheries, extractivism and agriculture. Our connection with nature in general and with biodiversity specifically is as old as our prehistoric hunter-gatherer origins, as humans have always observed and tried to understand the rhythm of nature in our quest for benefits that improve our welfare. There is nothing intrinsically wrong or very different from the behavior of so many other species in doing this. Our problems only began to emerge when profit and unnecessary consumption needs associated with population growth got into the equation and unbalanced the game between humans and the rest of nature.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">At some point, we began to indulge excessively in nature provisions, as if they were permanent, secure, and unchanging, until one day, belatedly, we realized that something was not going well between us and the relationships we have with ecosystems. Such relationships are supposed to be as harmonious as possible, but there is unequivocal evidence that this has not been the case for a while. Whole populations of species are disappearing because of the constant disturbances we cause on them. There are countless fish species that have a smaller body size today than they had in the past, because we prefer to catch and eat the larger ones (which are also the most fertile individuals). These non-isolated facts are signs that we have been weakening the vital functions that nature provides us and we do that by affecting the biological interactions that keep them operating. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">A universal premise assumed by the typology of the tree of life is here generically summarized as "<i>only from life can more life emerge</i>". This could even be considered the first general law of biology, since all micro and macroscopic life forms depend on their precursors, to subsidize the rates of diversification in a region. This is how speciation happens. There are striking differences between the "<i>types of life</i>" (i.e., animal, plant</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">...) that inhabit the planet, including the various types of attributes we use to differentiate and recognize them, which are products of selective forces that operate in the systems that harbor them. In these environments, innumerable natural factors constantly act to determine how much life can exist for short or long periods across geographical scales. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In all terrestrial and aquatic biomes, thousands of life forms have diversified to form the exuberant biodiversity that pulsates everywhere, although at first this was done so that they could "<i>adapt</i>", colonizing territories and establishing their niches. Accidentally, they have made available all the resources that we benefit from today, from the air that is breathed into matter that decomposes. On the other hand, all human acts that disturb or alter biodiversity, produce countless consequences that affect the organization of many communities and the functioning of vast ecosystems, especially in the tropical region. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This is worrying because as species signal the devastating effects of impacts, we remain unaware of how the pathways of biodiversity change, especially those caused by selective fishing pressures, resulting in the depletion of fish stocks, for example. Thus, the interactions between the factors (human-fishing-biodiversity) are relevant to be scientifically understood, since their relations can affect species that directly or indirectly promote the desired goals of fishing sustainability. It is essential to elucidate how these relationships take place over time and space, in order to identify which aspects of biodiversity respond more directly or strongly to the effects of fishing, and which remain indifferent or neutral to it in some hotspot, if any at all, given the current levels of depletion and of global changes. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">It is reasonable to assume that fishing acts differently on diverse parameters of diversity, including other dimensions beyond species level, such as evolutionary legacy, nest variability, and morphological heterogeneities, which, when dissociated, represent what we call, respectively, phylogenetic and functional diversity. These exercise complementary roles and, when observed together, are considered essential variables to estimate and understand the main aspects related to biodiversity (Schmeller et al., 2018), and can overcome preconceived ideas about the consequences of fishing-mediated declines on us and on ecosystems. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Mechanistically, it is possible to classify the correlation of fishing with biodiversity as an essential connection, which the stronger and more positively imbricated, the more it favors us. Otherwise, these forces inevitably annihilate or seriously compromise each other, depending on how intense and stable the associations between them are. The performance of this union is presented in two main ways. One route ensures that nature replaces stocks free of charge, through the natural regulation of biomass, diversity and co-occurrence of all fish species in addition to those of fishing interest. The species we catch and consume may be more or less similar to each other, such as mullet, sea bass and marlin, because of their position in phylogenetic trees. Such positions inform us how long ago individuals have differed from each other and therefore, on how much evolutionary history we are currently putting pressure on. In this way, each species participates as a small part of the big machinery known as biodiversity. And in each place of such machinery, various forces of nature synchronize in the same way to form communities, assemblies or multi-specific aggregates of fish targeted by fisheries.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Local gains from fishing tend to directly reflect the conservation status of a region's biodiversity, since local natural processes ultimately determine the diversity of individuals that may be caught. By maximizing the development of attributes that ensure the survival and plasticity of responses to dominant conditions (ie, fitness = individuals most suited to the highest reproductive yields), organisms end up developing in parallel, and especially to human eyes, valuable attributes such as size. But to the extent that we "preferentially" fish these attributes (eg, heavier and larger fish), there is a negative repercussion on the evolutionary aspects of the groups that are exploited by the activity. Over time, fish diversity and quantity decrease, and both fishing and wild communities are hampered by processes triggered by loss of composition and reduction of biotic heterogeneity in stocks. On its turn, this increases pressure on certain groups.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The process described above, of the influence of fishing on biodiversity, is the second route, which is not generally positive, since it leads biodiversity to respond to the stressful removal of species with the best commercial attributes. Not coincidentally, these species tend to be ecologically peculiar and quite difficult to be replenished or compensated for. In part this is because the more peculiar the evolutionary position of a species in relation to the abundance of close relatives that occur in a certain place (ie, more or less branches), the more vulnerable they are to overfishing, and they leave us without potential substitutes.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The intensity of the fishing-biodiversity (positive or negative) relationship is dynamic and may suffer significant imbalances over time. Such imbalances can act as good indicators of the biodiversity status directly as a consequence of fishing. A contrast between functional vs. phylogenetic compositions can inform how much a coastal environment is susceptible to decline or loss of biodiversity. It is through this lens way that we intend to look at the health of the biodiversity of marine fish stocks in Brazil. We believe that assessing the relationships of fishing activity with descriptors of spatial and temporal coastal diversity may bring up important information. We believe that fishing is not likely to always work on the same types of attributes (e.g. habitat preference, reproductive or trophic guild) with the same artificial selective intensity. This could lead to interesting differences between the sets of species handled by fishing, whose causes and consequences may lead us to predict the main types of transformations that may occur due to the patterns of changes in the general and essential descriptors of biodiversity.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">A lot of people believe that fish is all the same, a mistake not taken easily by the ichthyologists! However, it is important to note that the more similar the target species are, in terms of basic attributes such as food habits (which reflects on the taste of the fish) and body size, the more dangerous the effects of long-term fishing on them. This is so because fishing tends to focus on certain patterns that are difficult to find (fishers, depending on consumer demand, always want larger fish with specific tastes, but only a few species have all the desired characteristics). Therefore, finding out which combinations of traits best express the ways in which fishing acts on biodiversity is paramount in identifying changes in fish composition patterns that may be signaling the health of the ecosystems in which they operate. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7o2RvlvG1h-3scSR_wEKtnidg6KsQlRm7xx0dtCjev4EsHT9D_s_9cfoaV_qSUGbpCjzH2R5zB698e-8VORNElJZG5Ma9kBDjNyLDDUEapFl8OkN4MG_VsqezROe8g1Guxn1sW1OKcOU1/s1600/Figura_Priscilla.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="442" data-original-width="441" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7o2RvlvG1h-3scSR_wEKtnidg6KsQlRm7xx0dtCjev4EsHT9D_s_9cfoaV_qSUGbpCjzH2R5zB698e-8VORNElJZG5Ma9kBDjNyLDDUEapFl8OkN4MG_VsqezROe8g1Guxn1sW1OKcOU1/s320/Figura_Priscilla.jpg" width="319" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">We have been developing a conceptual model to show the correlations we expect to observe between fishing and biodiversity. We expect biomass removed by fishing to affect positively or negatively the variability in the clades or traits of fished subsets. </td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In this sense, we believe that the measures of richness, divergence and phylogenetic (Tucker 2017) or functional integrity (Hatfield et al. 2018) represent some of the most important ways to evaluate how, when and how much biodiversity variability is related to fishing as a source of chronic disturbances (e.g., Teichert et al. 2018). These indicators should allow us to identify where the greatest and worst effects of fishing are, and to predict which routes are responsible for their magnitude in each place or time period (e.g., Worm et al. 2006).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">These inferences will allow us to find out if there are plausible reasons to worry about the differences between the levels of diversity associated with fishing yields along the coastal gradients of Brazil, and whether significant losses can be detected within one or more facets of biodiversity (ie, taxonomic, functional or phylogenetic). In what direction and at what pace is all of this developing? What are the deficits we are generating for future communities? And, what can we do about it, other than standing and watching? </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">All of this is important not only to identify the way the coastal fishery has affected biodiversity, but also to inform and invite the consumer society to consider: "<i>if we fished less, how many different fish communities there would be in the seas?</i>" The answer to this can be both disastrous and spectacular (e.g., Duffy et al. 2016), depending on the quality of the legacy we choose to leave in the oceans. In addition, it represents a fundamental issue relevant to the life quality of the species that support our survival. It is our way of seeing and living with the other species that determines the quality of our own life history. Since the moment we were born until well after we die, nature acts upon us, in such a way that to harass it, to attack it or to despise it are acts of carelessness and disrespect that hurt our very existence. In the ship of life, we are navigating along with all other evolutionary branches. Fortunately or not, it is only us who enjoy the privilege of having the helm to choose the destiny of all, with the caution and parsimony that should precede the forecasts that are based on the accumulation of observations. Welcome aboard the Anthropocene!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><i>By Priscilla Ramos Cruz and Priscila F. M. Lopes</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">References</span></div>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Duffy, J. E., Lefcheck, J. S., Stuart-Smith, R. D., Navarrete, S. A., & Edgar, G. J. (2016). Biodiversity enhances reef fish biomass and resistance to climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(22): 6230-6235.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hatfield, J. H., Harrison, M. L., & Banks-Leite, C. (2018). Functional diversity metrics: How they are affected by landscape change and how they represent ecosystem functioning in the tropics. Current Landscape Ecology Reports, 3:35–42.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Schmeller, DS, Weatherdon, LV, Loyau, A., Bondeau, A., Brotons, L., Brummitt, N., ... & Mihoub, JB (2018). A suite of essential biodiversity variables for detecting critical biodiversity change. Biological Reviews, 93(1): 55-71.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Teichert, N., Lepage, M., & Lobry, J. (2018). Beyond classic ecological assessment: The use of functional indices to indicate fish assemblages sensitivity to human disturbance in estuaries. Science of The Total Environment, 639: 465-475.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Tucker, CM, Cadotte, MW, Carvalho, SB, Davies, TJ, Ferrier, S., Fritz, SA, & Pavoine, S. (2017). A guide to phylogenetic metrics for conservation, community ecology and macroecology. Biological Reviews, 92(2): 698-715.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Worm, B., Barbier, E. B., Beaumont, N., Duffy, J. E., Folke, C., Halpern, B. S., ... & Sala, E. (2006). Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. science, 314(5800): 787-790.</span></li>
</ul>
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-29380723235480430162019-03-29T05:41:00.001-07:002019-03-29T08:23:48.537-07:00Backward policies and environmental crimes in Brazil<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
last few years have been calamitous for the Brazilian nature and
environmentalism. In 2015, Brazil experienced one of its vilest
environmental tragedies of all times. Due to the rupture of a large dam in
Mariana (Minas Gerais State), some 60M m<sup>3</sup> of toxic mud from an iron ore mine flowed downriver
into the Atlantic, severely affecting the most important river basin of the
densely inhabited southeastern region. Low oxygen concentrations and high
levels of mercury, arsenic, copper and zinc make the muddy water toxic to both
aquatic species and humans, sorely polluting some 760,000 ha of the Atlantic
forest and its coast. This tragedy has been directly linked to hazard
monitoring failures, amounting to immense management recklessness. To the
current day, no one has been convicted for this crime and no fines have been
paid, which is an open invitation to more wrongdoing and new attacks to nature.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It
is not really surprising then that less than four years since the Mariana
disaster, Brazil goes once again through the same tragedy in the same region, though even more catastrophic now. This time a larger dam broke in the town of Brumadinho,
generating a mudslide avalanche, severely affecting the landscape and leaving
hundreds of people dead and missing. In addition to corpses and environmental
destruction, both disasters share the same mining company, which raises the
question of how can a company get involved in two such tragedies in such a short
time? The answer lies partially in the lenience of the Brazilian government in
pointing and punishing the big players responsible for these environmental
crimes. However, this is only part of the story…<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In
the Mariana case, behind the main perpetrating enterprise (Samarco) hides the
world’s largest and Brazil’s largest mining parent companies, respectively: BHP Billiton and
Vale (<u>the same of Brumadinho case</u>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>BHP Billiton’s profits reached almost US$2
billion in 2015 alone, while Vale’s gross income in the third quarter of 2015 was
around US$6 billion. Conversely, fines likely to be levied to these companies
by Brazil’s environmental agency (IBAMA) was around U$65M. These penalties can
easily be assimilated by the companies’ annual profits and therefore are
unlikely to promote any positive changes in their corporate behavior. Even so,
these companies have paid less than 7% of the fines, while they have challenged them judicially. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Propelled by economic growth, emerging tropical
economies such as Brazil are clearly embarking on a perverse development trap,
whereby primary industries may generate thousands of jobs and a large amount
tax base, but on the other hand carry high environmental and social costs.
These conditions render these countries hostage to big enterprises. This
has resulted in increasingly lax licensing laws and penalties, favoring
conditions in which environmental crimes clearly pay off. In Brazil, for instance, fewer than 3% of all environmental fines are settled.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">These
mining ‘accidents’ deserve special consideration because capital-intensive
development projects in Brazil are growing at an unprecedented scale. Mining
activities in Brazil are expected to grow five-fold over the next 20 years (MME
2010) and there have been repeated political efforts to explicitly downgrade
environmental licensing restrictions to favor large-scale mining enterprises. This
is even more worrisome in the far-right Bolsonaro's era, whose myopic plans
include a rollback of environmental protections and rights of traditional
communities, a reorganization of federal science programs, and an aggressive
agenda of agricultural, industrial and mineral expansion.</span></span></span></div>
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</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivycrTW1UEYP_Vtsf5wZitf99dk-7YLp6XIiXdeJka6PkcPDlN7Q5XQCtWjsaJ2JhUvKyYV0lXK4KK20oKAetnAqQIy353EF3HYvwLQxEUrYZG1hG8VpjrLDDNEgcClK6nF_YIqthsZHna/s1600/Sin+t%25C3%25ADtulo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="232" data-original-width="624" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivycrTW1UEYP_Vtsf5wZitf99dk-7YLp6XIiXdeJka6PkcPDlN7Q5XQCtWjsaJ2JhUvKyYV0lXK4KK20oKAetnAqQIy353EF3HYvwLQxEUrYZG1hG8VpjrLDDNEgcClK6nF_YIqthsZHna/s640/Sin+t%25C3%25ADtulo.png" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
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</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Figure.
The town of Mariana after the </i></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>mining environmental crime.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The
project of law <span style="background: white; color: #222222; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">PL
#3729/200 is a carte blanche for new infrastructure projects and other economic
activities, as it considerable reduces their environmental licenses
requirements. If implemented, the Brazilian society will not have enough time
to analyze the social and environmental costs (or even benefits) of implementing such large
projects. To make matters worse, many other bills severely threaten indigenous
and traditional communities, preventing new demarcation of Indigenous Lands
(IL) and Protected Areas (PA), and allowing mining activities within IL
frontiers, without the consent of the indigenous people themselves. These policy setbacks are a clear attack on the sustainable development agenda and social
rights of traditional communities, going against many of the agreements that
Brazil have signed in the past. There is no sign that </span>the federal government
will review and back up on its own conduct even in the aftermath of the
shocking crimes of Mariana and Brumadinho.<span style="background: white; color: #222222; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">
</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">The
civil society and sustainable-development friendly policy makers are in urgent
need of rethinking their pillars of development pathways, while they still have
to face the herculean task of ensuring that the government base its decision on
science instead of ideology and short-term profit Unfortunately, in Bolsonaro's
government the future seems muddier and muddier.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: right;">
<span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><i>By João Vitor Campos-Silva</i></span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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</div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Further
readings</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/363/6431/1046.1.full" target="_blank">Campos-Silva, J. V.,& Peres, C. A. (2019). Brazil'spolicies stuck in the mud. Science, 363(6431),1046-1046.</a><span lang="PT-BR" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-019-0855-9" target="_blank">Abessa, D., Famá, A.,& Buruaem, L. (2019). Thesystematic dismantling of Brazilian environmental laws risks losses on allfronts. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1.</a></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";">
</span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joao_Campos-Silva2/research" target="_blank">Dr. João Vitor Campos-Silva</a> is a post doc in the "Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação nos Trópicos", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP:57072-900, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil.</span> </div>
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-42186479805812701332019-03-03T23:55:00.003-08:002019-03-04T08:09:56.036-08:00Brazilian fisheries management: a musical chair game with no winners<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
responsibility for fisheries management in Brazil was never a priority agenda
of any government, a fact that culminated in this responsibility being assigned
to different organs, secretaries and ministries several times in the federal
autarchy, a real musical chair game of fisheries.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Before
1989, the management of Brazilian fisheries resources was under the supervision
of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Superintendence of Fisheries
Development</i> (Sudepe, created in 1962), which was part of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of Agriculture</i>. The main
regulation during this period was the Decree-Law n° 221/67, which aimed to
protect and, at the same time, provide incentives to fisheries. In 1998,
fisheries management became the responsibility of the newly created <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Brazilian Institute of Environment and
Natural Resources</i> (IBAMA). Later, between 1998 and 2003, IBAMA was in
charge of the management of overexploited or almost overexploited resources, while
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fisheries and Aquaculture Department</i>,
under the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of Agriculture, Supply
and Livestock </i>was responsible for the unexploited or underexploited
resources. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">In
2003, the attributions of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of
Agriculture, Supply and Livestock</i> were transferred to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Special Secretary of Aquaculture and
Fisheries</i> (SEAP/PR; Law n° 10,683/03), until the creation of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture</i> in
June 2009 (Law n° 11,958/09). One of the main changes of this new arrangement
was the establishment of a joint management between this ministry and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of the Environment</i> especially
regarding the establishment of fisheries management norms.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In 2011, a new law (Complementary Law n°
140/11) changed again the attributions among the Union, States and
Municipalities. Specifically states were in charge of controlling fishing
within the limits of their jurisdictions. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In 2015, as a result of a new ministerial
reform of the government, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of
Fisheries and Aquaculture </i>was extinct and all of its competences were fully
transferred back to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of
Agriculture, Supply and Livestock</i>, maintaining in the meantime the joint
management arrangement with the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry
of the Environment</i>, which has IBAMA and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chico
Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation</i> (ICMBio, for fisheries done
within the limits of protected areas) as the executors.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">After that, a presidential Decree-Law n°
9,004/17 withdrew fishing powers from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry
of Agriculture, Supply and Livestock</i> and transferred them to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of Development, Industry and
Foreign Trade</i>. However, the decree informs that it will also be the
responsibility of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of
Agriculture</i> to dialogue with the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry
of the Environment</i> to ensure the sustainable use of fishery resources,
based on statistical data (which is basically non-existent since 2011). The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of Agriculture</i> was also supposed
to be responsible for articulating with the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry
of Foreign Affairs</i> to defend national interests in the sector. This change
was criticized by the fishing sector, which called for the creation of an
exclusive secretariat to deal with fisheries issues. In 2018, the Fisheries and
Aquaculture sector was again part of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Special
Secretary of Aquaculture and Fisheries</i>, integrating the Presidency of the
Republic, under Law n° 9,330/18, later confirmed by Law n° 13,502/17, which
establishes the basic organization of the organs of the Presidency of the
Republic and of the ministries. According to the law, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aquaculture and Fisheries</i> was a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Special
Secretariat</i>, which has again ministry status.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This last change assigns the new
secretariat's competence: to subsidize the formulation of the national policy
for fisheries and aquaculture; propose guidelines for the development and
promotion of fishery and aquaculture production; present guidelines for the
development of the fisheries and aquaculture action plan; and propose measures
to ensure the sustainability of fishing and aquaculture. It is important to
note that some competencies continue with the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply</i>, such as the
Fisheries and Aquaculture Health Control (Law n° 13,502/17).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">The last change in this musical chair happened in the very
first day of 2019, as the first measure of the new government of the far-right
President Jair Bolsonaro. He issued the Provisional Measure n° 870/19, which
establishes the basic organization of the organs of the Presidency of the
Republic and of the Ministries, bringing again the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Special Secretariat of Aquaculture and Fisheries </i>of the Presidency
of the Republic to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ministry of
Agriculture, Livestock and Supply</i>, renamed as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aquaculture and Fisheries Secretariat</i>. In this new arrangement, IBAMA
is no longer part of the management of species that can be exploited, with decisions
being entirely in the hands of the productive sector. The measure was highly
praised by the sector, dominated by powerful industrial fisher. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">In the opinion of the new head of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries</i>,
Jorge Seif Júnior, fishing and aquaculture have returned home from where they
should have never left because they are food production and should be treated
as the other proteins. According to him, “We now have a strong base to
strengthen fishing and aquaculture throughout Brazil. Our people can consume
more fish. We have to boost not only the catch, but much more fish farming. We
have a lot to grow!". <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">It remains to be seen whether fisheries management in
Brazil will be treated with the seriousness it deserves, but so far there are no signs that there will
be any sort of management regarding control and protection of vulnerable stocks.
The latest myopic measures only aim to boost exploitation and production in the
short term, disregarding the future of fish and of fishers themselves,
especially of those that can not afford to build capital for future stock
collapses. Not a word has been said about reestablishing regular landing
monitoring, a unified system for tracking fishing vessels, independent
oversight and policing of fishing limits, and the establishment of permanent
and independent management scientific committees. The future is gloomier
than ever for our stocks and our fishers and initiatives that aim to reach
sustainability will have to come from grassroots movements and other societal
initiatives. From the current government we should only expect larger nets, smaller
mesh sizes and bad subsidies. </span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;">By Ana Helena Bevilacqua</span></i></div>
mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-81234957494536361632018-12-25T02:35:00.003-08:002019-01-08T02:03:42.448-08:00Mapping a Smoother Fishery for Smooth Dogfish<div style="border: 0px currentColor; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 2em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">A commonly-used <a href="http://jgshepherd.com/thoughts/" style="border: 0px currentColor; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: 200ms; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">quote from John Shepherd</a> states, “<i>Managing fisheries is hard: it’s like managing a forest, in which the trees are invisible and keep moving around</i>.” This is particularly true for highly migratory species like sharks, for which the full range is often poorly understood even for the most well-known species. In the past, fish movements were usually defined by the time of year a species is present in an area where they’re easy to observe. Telemetry and fishery surveys have gone a long way in telling us where else a species might travel when not within sight, but it’s impossible to tag every single shark, know what’s going on at a survey site when no one’s looking, or even to make sure research efforts are encompassing the full range of the species. To further complicate things, a species’ range might differ wildly between seasons and between males and females. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; text-align: start;">To figure out where your target species is actually distributed, you have to take the information that you do have (survey catches, fishery landings, fishing effort distribution, telemetry detections, etc.) and do a lot of math (sometimes with lots of assumptions). With any luck, the data on were the species has been found can help identify other areas where it also might be found. In </span><a href="https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mcf2.10051" style="border: 0px currentColor; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: 200ms; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">a newly-published paper</a><span style="background-color: white; text-align: start;"> first-authored by Andrea Dell’Apa with Maria Grazia Pennino, Chris Bonzek, and me, we did exactly that for the second most commonly-landed shark in U.S. fisheries. </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #474747; font-family: "open sans" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Smooth Dogfish (</span><span style="border: 0px currentColor; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large; font-style: italic; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mustelus canis</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">) is a fairly common coastal shark endemic to the North American Atlantic coast. These sharks reach a maximum size of five feet and feed mostly on small crustaceans like crabs and shrimp, but from personal experience I can attest to them being much more wily and powerful than should be necessary for that lifestyle (most of my cases of shark burn have come from this species). They also have the distinction of being second only to the Spiny Dogfish (less closely related than you’d think) in numbers landed in U.S. shark fisheries. While this in and of itself isn’t necessarily a bad thing and both Spiny and Smooth Dogfish fisheries have been assessed as avoiding overfishing, Smooth Dogfish have the dubious honor of being</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; transition-duration: 200ms; transition-property: color;">exempt from the U.S. ban on removing fins at sea</span>.</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> With all this fishery management attention you’d think most aspects of Smooth Dogfish ecology would be pretty well-known, but aside from some studies on local movements and identified nursery habitats, little is actually known about where these sharks go when not in estuaries, or how the environment influences their distribution. To our knowledge, this hasn’t been attempted with this species before.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">To get a better idea of where Smooth Dogfish are distributed, we took catch data from the Northeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (<a href="http://www.vims.edu/research/departments/fisheries/programs/multispecies_fisheries_research/neamap/index.php" style="border: 0px currentColor; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: 200ms; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">NEAMAP</a>), which runs a nearshore trawl survey based out of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. Smooth Dogfish are among the most commonly-encountered elasmobranchs on this survey, making it an ideal data source for both numbers and associations with environmental data. The cruise data gave us the numbers of Smooth Dogfish caught per trawl (the catch per unit effort, or CPUE) and catch locations, which were combined with environmental variables from other data sources including satellite-based remote sensing data and bathymetry maps to identify the ranges of those variables that were associated with higher shark numbers. Armed with this information, we could then use statistical modeling to predict what the CPUE should be across the whole U.S. Atlantic continental shelf based on the environmental conditions, season, and sex. To account for seasonal migrations, we modeled spring and fall CPUE separately, and we separated out males and females to account for differences between the sexes.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">We used <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="border: 0px currentColor; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: 200ms; vertical-align: baseline;">hierarchical </a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_statistics" style="border: 0px currentColor; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: 200ms; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Bayesian</a> modeling to make our maps of predicted Smooth Dogfish catch. Without getting too far into the weeds, this type of modeling allowed us to account for both high numbers of survey sites where no sharks were caught and the tendency of sites where Smooth Dogfish were caught to occur near each other. These issues can affect model accuracy and are commonly-encountered when dealing with relatively rare and highly mobile species like most sharks. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjxv1hsvtAbECzAgAsStlK36tcnzN99-nD8CC69aXBJtSLxqZH9gsKwhptNSfwWY5gcWlCYtTSXA7e0-n_cVzhwnL4keOx0m3xWCszvt1koEq0iko1oLduUP9lfg05XUSgIzsm9ngiPPmn/s1600/MaleMaps-1024x553.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="553" data-original-width="1024" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjxv1hsvtAbECzAgAsStlK36tcnzN99-nD8CC69aXBJtSLxqZH9gsKwhptNSfwWY5gcWlCYtTSXA7e0-n_cVzhwnL4keOx0m3xWCszvt1koEq0iko1oLduUP9lfg05XUSgIzsm9ngiPPmn/s640/MaleMaps-1024x553.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(85, 93, 102);"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><i>Maps of male Smooth Dogfish catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE, sharks per trawl) predicted using catch and environmental data from A) spring and B) fall. From Dell’Apa and friends (2018).</i></span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrasPRg8xdinxkJWRiWker3-q1Z0ukTjRMVvLCSiks2ZdFnqfPFHK4AfHH2HfOzDNIpXAtcynB3YmfpoFOOiR6tTSh3bOmYSL3m-V3uzCX5C-0UGMvWxtntomHkZMTMy2fLqtoFcKMyevD/s1600/FemaleMaps-1024x530.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="1024" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrasPRg8xdinxkJWRiWker3-q1Z0ukTjRMVvLCSiks2ZdFnqfPFHK4AfHH2HfOzDNIpXAtcynB3YmfpoFOOiR6tTSh3bOmYSL3m-V3uzCX5C-0UGMvWxtntomHkZMTMy2fLqtoFcKMyevD/s640/FemaleMaps-1024x530.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(85, 93, 102);"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;">Maps of female Smooth Dogfish catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE, sharks per trawl) predicted using catch and environmental data from A) spring and B) fall. From Dell’Apa and friends (2018).</span></i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The results of all this modeling showed differences both between seasons and sexes in where you should expect to find Smooth Dogfish. Males were found at relatively low salinities and shallow depths during the spring, and at temperatures less than 15 °C and mid-level bottom rugosity (basically an index of how rough the seabed is) during the fall. Females were caught in greater numbers at more shallow, rugose areas of the seafloor during the spring, and areas of relatively low salinity and mid-range chlorophyll-a concentrations during the fall. Mapping these habitat preferences showed that both females and males are distributed widely along the continental shelf north of the mouth of Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay during the spring while males are distributed considerable farther north (with an apparent hot spot along southeastern Cape Cod that calls for further investigation by fishery scientists) than females during the fall. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Aside from improving knowledge of where Smooth Dogfish are distributed, our findings have some very specific applications for fishery management. When trying to keep a fish stock sustainable, it’s often effective to limit fishing effort on mature females (referred to as “spawning stock biomass” in fisheries science) so they can survive to reproduce. For long-lived species like most sharks, a targeted fishery landing mostly males is arguably the more sustainable option. Sorry fellow dudes, when it comes to sustainable fisheries we’re just more expendable (and if you feel threatened by that I have bad news for you about differences between sexes in size and trophic level among many shark species). What our findings suggest is that during the fall a male-only fishery for Smooth Dogfish may be possible in southern New England, which would allow fishermen to continue working while giving the mature females a break.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This paper shows how, thanks to advances in scientific surveys, environmental monitoring, and statistics, we’re getting better and better at counting those invisible highly migratory “<i>trees</i>”. Or at least predicting where they should be.</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">By </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">C. W. Bangley</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><i style="caret-color: rgb(71, 71, 71);">This post was also </i><span style="caret-color: rgb(71, 71, 71);"><i>published</i></span><i style="caret-color: rgb(71, 71, 71);"> in: </i><span style="caret-color: rgb(71, 71, 71);"><a href="http://yalikedags.southernfriedscience.com/mapping-a-smoother-fishery-for-smooth-dogfish/" target="_blank">http://yalikedags.southernfriedscience.com/mapping-a-smoother-fishery-for-smooth-dogfish/</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><i>Cited Reference</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Dell’Apa, A., M. G. Pennino, C. W. Bangley, and C. Bonzek. 2018. A hierarchical Bayesian modeling approach for the habitat distribution of Smooth Dogfish by sex and season in inshore coastal waters of the U.S. Northwest Atlantic. DOI: <a href="https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mcf2.10051" style="border: 0px currentColor; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: 200ms; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">10.1002/mcf2.10051</a></span></div>
mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-1081984847334068202018-11-24T07:33:00.001-08:002018-11-28T09:02:53.881-08:00Measuring the willingness of dive tourists to pay fishers not to fish in a no-take zone<div class="page" title="Page 1">
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Ecosystems provide an array of direct and indirect services to human populations. In tropical marine areas, such ecosystem services often include food provision (i.e., fishing) and ecotourism (i.e., diving). In cases where there are conflicts between these services – such as where fishers want to fish but divers want to see abundant, biodiverse ecosystems – examining the economics of various alternative policy solutions may be useful.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The various ecosystem services provided by tropical marine areas worldwide – such as food provision through fishing, or ecotourism opportunities through diving – are under increasing use in general. Sometimes such uses are unsustainable or conflict with one another. One way to help ensure the continued provision of ecosystem services is through establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs), where uses are ideally planned and managed with sustainability in mind.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">More than 300 km off the coast of Brazil is the small andd gorgeous archipelago of Fernando de Noronha. Around this archipelago is a 26-km<span style="vertical-align: 3pt;">2 </span>MPA, divided into two zones. One zone, which encompasses 70% of the park, is no-take: fishing is banned but diving is allowed. The other zone is multi-use, allowing fishing, tourism, as well as diving. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Traditionally the small population of Fernando de Noronha has relied on fishing for its food and economy, with tuna fishing (by handline) being most common now. However, diving and snorkeling by tourists has boomed in recent years, particularly to see sharks, which also use the inshore waters as an important nursery. With 24,000 divers visiting annually, Fernando de Noronha has become a premier shark tourism destination.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">However, a conflict has arisen between these uses. For about eight months of the year, fishers use the multi-use zone to catch sardines on the wave break, which they use as bait to catch tuna in pelagic waters outside the MPA. But for the remaining four months (the actual period varies from year to year), the waters of the multi-use zone become rough and unsafe, while the waters of the no-take zone remain calm. When the MPA was designed in 1988, it was understood that local fishers would fish in the no-</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">take zone when necessary. But federal legislation in 2000 toughened the no-take zone’s rules and fishers who disagree with the no-take zone have been very vocal in protesting such rules. As a first response, park managers stated that any fishing in the no-take zone could impact the tourism experience by catching sardines the sharks eat and by disturbing </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">juvenile and mating sharks on the shore.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">So </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">in the last 3 years </span>we set out to investigate this conflict and possible solutions. In our first study, we showed the economic basis of the conflict, driven by an inflated demand from tourists who want to eat tuna and large pelagic species while on the island. Funny enough, such preferences do not match their consumption when back into their places of origin. Then, given that (unplanned) tourism is part of the problem, we investigated if it could also be part of the solution. In this new phase, we focused on two aspects: 1) estimating how much revenue the local fishers would lose if the no-take zone were strictly enforced year-round, and 2) gauging whether tourists would be willing to pay the fishers not to fish in the no-take zone. If visitors paid an additional BRL 1.20 (USD 0.60) as a daily fee, it would be enough to balance the lost annual revenue of the fishers. (At the time of the study in 2016, the MPA’s daily entrance fee to the no-take zone was BRL 89 [USD 53] for Brazilians and BRL 178 [USD 107] for foreigners. So the proposed additional fee would be relatively minimal.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">We then talked to 579 tourists and we found out that most of them (67-71%) would accept paying a little more if the extra money were given to fishers. Such an alternative was generally perceived as a win-win solution, as it would encompass maintaining fisher income, shark status, and the current economic gains of tourism. Tthe study also broke down the findings according to a number of criteria, showing for example that those tourits that had seen sharks on their visit were less willing to accept the extra payment. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">We understand that, with some adjustment, such payment could fit into an already existent Payment for Ecosystem Services system, varying from state to state, that compensates fishers during closed seasons to support the reproductive period of some species. However, this exercise represents an opportunity to devise solutions with fishers. Perhaps such extra money from tourism could support the transition from a bait-based fishing to a lure-based one, as the youngest and most successful fishers in the island have already started doing.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">We conclude by stating that future MPAs should outline clear compensatory mechanisms to support the transition from a resource-consumptive economy to less-consumptive alternatives for those directly affected by conservation. Such transition should be planned together with fishers, as they may be the ones with the best alternatives.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Most of the text was extracted from MarXiv: </span><a href="https://marxiv.org/45k96" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">https://marxiv.org/45k96</span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Sources: </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Lopes, PFM & Villasante, S. 2018. Paying the price to solve fisheries conflicts in Brazil’s Marine Protected Areas. Marine Policy, 93:1-8</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Lopes et al. 2017. Tourism as a driver of conflicts and changes in fisheries value chains in Marine Protected Areas. Journal of Environmental Management 200: 123-134</span></div>
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-58297376821317148082018-10-10T05:57:00.001-07:002018-10-10T06:14:47.074-07:00<span style="font-family: "georgia"; font-size: large;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">A brand new method to
infer stream fish abundance<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Interview with
Prof. Taal Levi<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWUK1ExudVLF_P6N0UI5Y1yXzTBsJeDBdtaqEhLjhLyAQhqx6DdZEdrX2ZVLLJqf20GoVPJRj5ffoT-p5cqQNTZ0mVobrvoqiZUhnhA3G8NiYPVxyg9vuy44H0puVipNurw6yS_sc1S4wf/s1600/me-on-canoe-940x626.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="626" data-original-width="940" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWUK1ExudVLF_P6N0UI5Y1yXzTBsJeDBdtaqEhLjhLyAQhqx6DdZEdrX2ZVLLJqf20GoVPJRj5ffoT-p5cqQNTZ0mVobrvoqiZUhnhA3G8NiYPVxyg9vuy44H0puVipNurw6yS_sc1S4wf/s320/me-on-canoe-940x626.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Prof. Taal Levi
is an Assistant Professor at Oregon State University and has one of the most
diverse research profiles that we’ve ever seen. His studies range from disease
ecology to seed dispersal across all sorts of environments, from the Amazon
Forest to Alaska. His main peculiarity is perhaps the use of empirical data to
address applied issues, such as wildlife overexploitation, overfishing, climate
change and anthropogenic impacts in general. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Now, one of his
projects is focusing on estimating stream fish abundance using quantification of
environmental DNA. Environmental DNA (or eDNA) is the technique of detecting DNA
found in the environment, like water, soil or even from stomach contents,
instead of trying to extract it directly from an individual.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Here he talks about
this interesting and important project (we know how important it is to have reliable
fish abundance measures for fishery management!):</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">FEME: How does this method
work exactly?<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Taal Levi:</strong> Detection
of environmental DNA using real-time qPCR or digital PCR is already being used
to identify species occurrence. But now we are testing its effectiveness to
infer species abundance. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Firstly, it is
necessary to design species-specific primers – so, you have to decide a species
focus. We are mostly using mitochondrial markers, such as COI (cytochrome
oxidase I). Then, you have to collect some water samples and amplify all the
DNA of the target fish you find there. Finally, you make a relation between the
concentration of DNA from your target and the species abundance. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">FEME: What have you found
so far?<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Taal Levi:</strong> We
already tested this method for two salmon species and for Eulachon (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">a smelt</i>) in the state of Oregon. All of
them are very economically and culturally important. Actually, the Eulachon is
so important for the people in that region that the Oregon’s state name was
given because of how the indigenous called that fish, Ourigan. For these three species
the method seems very effective. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">FEME: Is it possible to
test its efficacy? How?</span></span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Taal Levi:</strong> We
are testing it using different forms of counts. For the salmon species, we
counted the number of individuals entering the streams every day for two years.
For the Eulachon, we used a different approach, a mark-recapture abundance estimative.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">FEME: What are the
advantages of using this methodology?<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Taal Levi:</strong> Several!
One is the possibility of sampling more areas very fast, because the only thing
you need to do is collect water. The other is to be able to work with
endangered species - usually, doing research with endangered species is very
complex, and this method is very cost-effective. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">FEME: Is there any disadvantage?<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Taal Levi:</strong> The
eDNA is very local and time specific, so you can only infer abundance from a
small area and for the last 1 or 2 days.</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">FEME: Do you think that
this technique can be applied in Brazilian streams?<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Taal Levi:</strong> Definitely
yes, you will only have some more trouble to design the markers. With that
being done, it is totally posible.</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"></span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-AU"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">If you are
interested in learning more about prof. Levi and/or the methods he’s been
developing and applying, check his </span><a href="http://people.oregonstate.edu/~levit/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">website</span></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> and his last
publication on </span><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327114171_Environmental_DNA_for_the_enumeration_and_management_of_Pacific_salmon"><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">eDNA</span></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a><span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">.</span> </span></span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-6937392805313167752018-09-10T11:22:00.002-07:002018-09-10T11:22:35.934-07:00Tax havens, illegal fishing and Amazon deforestation<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Cayman Islands, Panama, Belize, Turks and Caicos and other Central
American small countries may remind some of us of little pieces of paradise,
but may also remind others of tax havens and corruption. However, perhaps a
question that nobody had (dared to?) asked before was about a possible link
between tax havens and environmental degradation. A study recently published in
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0497-3">Nature Ecology and
Evolution</a></i> gives us a good sense of how these two things may be much
more related than you would have ever guessed so. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tax havens are
known for providing politically neutral and reliable arenas for institutional
innovation compared with settings dominated by political turbulence and
institutional legal vacuum. At the same time, however, some negative effects of
these jurisdictions are evident, such as </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;">their
role in ‘money laundering’ and funding of illegal activities, and the risk of
amplified global systemic financial risks created by the lack of financial
transparency and oversight</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But how about the potential environmental impacts of tax havens? To
address this issue, Victor Galaz and collaborators have examined resource
extraction from two key global environmental commons - the ocean and the Amazon
rainforest. Their data shows that w</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;">hile only 4% of all
registered fishing vessels are currently flagged in a tax haven jurisdiction, 70%
of the vessels that have been found to carry out or support illegal, unreported
and unregulated fishing are, or have been, flagged under a tax haven
jurisdiction. Fisheries sector is </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">particularly susceptible to the use of tax havens in three important
ways</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;">. First, the use of tax havens has been
proved to support aggressive tax planning and tax evasion. Second, these
jurisdictions also facilitate the evasion of regulation designed to address
overfishing and fisheries crime because many well-known tax havens also qualify
as secrecy jurisdictions in other regards, such as flags of convenience (FOC)
states. FOCs are countries to which vessel owners flag vessels and from which
they can expect limited or no sanctioning mechanisms if they are identified as
operating in violation to international law. Third, the secrecy afforded by
combined use of tax havens and FOCs also allows companies to secure the dual
identity of a fishing vessel, one of which is used for legal and the other for
illegal fishing activities. Therefore, the authors claim that the use of tax
havens makes tracing of fisheries resource use and allocation of accountability
extremely difficult and costly, representing a major threat to the sustainability
of global ocean resources.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz-OiEUZCaz2vKqT8_SnAC2Y3ahj-QR0D0sOOPjHvXFTOOtL8rt5M3t2E94jGhPZ_YKWxitlppUWDI2lVMW32bc3xq9d59qRXllufq93zD-DeTCxgd4d-hw5K8YpQJDC6nU9i1gpDwgH78/s1600/Illegal+fishing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="319" data-original-width="700" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz-OiEUZCaz2vKqT8_SnAC2Y3ahj-QR0D0sOOPjHvXFTOOtL8rt5M3t2E94jGhPZ_YKWxitlppUWDI2lVMW32bc3xq9d59qRXllufq93zD-DeTCxgd4d-hw5K8YpQJDC6nU9i1gpDwgH78/s320/Illegal+fishing.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source: Caribbean News Service (Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in the Caribbean)</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The environmental
impacts of tax havens are not that different in the Amazonian reality. Galaz
and co-authors’ study shows that </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;">between October 2000 and
August 2011, tax havens accounted for 68% of the total foreign capital
transferred to the nine largest companies operating in the soy and beef sectors
of the Brazilian Amazon. Even though it is not illegal to transfer money to
Brazil using tax havens, it is worth mentioning that soy and cattle production
are the two sectors representing key drivers of deforestation. For some of the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">companies investigated, tax
havens represented as much as 90–100% of the foreign capital.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;">
Channeling capital through tax havens provides three benefits to investors:
legal efficiency, tax-minimization and secrecy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;">. <span style="color: black;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;">Both examples explored
by Galaz and collaborators show that </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;">the use of tax havens leads to
environmental concerns, and poses major challenges to transparency and tracking.
Furthermore, the authors claim that the <span style="color: black;">loss of tax
revenue through the use of tax haven jurisdictions by companies modifying the
biosphere could be conceptualized as indirect subsidies</span><span style="color: #3b6a9e;"> </span><span style="color: black;">to economic activities
with possibly detrimental global environmental consequences. The authors
conclude by highlighting that </span>the international community should
intensify its attempts to stimulate corporate transparency and collaborate to
uncover and fight tax evasion, viewing such actions as important not only from
a socio-political perspective, but also for environmental reasons. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;">Source:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular;">Galaz et al. 2018. Tax havens and global environmental degradation. Nature Ecology and Evolution: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0497-3 </span></div>
Priscilahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09892031851343827042noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-51772096233458992772018-08-15T08:25:00.006-07:002018-08-15T08:25:57.643-07:00Sustainable seafood consumption in Brazil: An interview with Daniele Vila Nova<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Marine fishery resources have</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
worldwide economic, social, and ecological importance. These fisheries provide
a relevant part of protein intake and income for people in the developing
world, being linked directly and indirectly to the fishing sector. As the
global population increases, the demand for fish increases which leads to a
growing number of vessels, diversification of fishing gear, and improvements of
catchability. All of these innovations are leading to crashing fish stocks and
dramatically changing marine ecosystems. However, the growing number of
vessels, the diversification of fishing gear and the improvements in
catchability, coupled with population growth and increased demand for fish in
recent decades made overfishing a global reality, not only affecting fish
stocks, but entire marine ecosystems. This urgent situation should leads to the
promotion of forms of sustainable resources, which should encompass fisher all
the way to the final consumer.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #00000a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="Body" style="mso-line-height-alt: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_qJPaMxRQ08fCkGlUYRw9uqpA0PXVUOIEin8Fmz6DNwlCNlNB9HD8tRMOGAXP7hIq8kyqyW0JZJbo-LqkhdTZhVfFcXSq1x2rxrFWgPlJUpsS1_ROjtE94TeCth82GRmcHNcoI71YTvk0/s1600/Dani.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_qJPaMxRQ08fCkGlUYRw9uqpA0PXVUOIEin8Fmz6DNwlCNlNB9HD8tRMOGAXP7hIq8kyqyW0JZJbo-LqkhdTZhVfFcXSq1x2rxrFWgPlJUpsS1_ROjtE94TeCth82GRmcHNcoI71YTvk0/s320/Dani.jpg" width="240" /></a><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #00000a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There are many factors that
determine if fish are sustainably caught</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #00000a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">.
The factors that lead to this are information about the social conditions of
the fishing worker (from extraction to marketing), the ecological status of
fish stocks and even the basic conditions of preparation and processing the
catch. These factors should be accompanied or explicitly demanded by consumers
to help with their shopping choices, although this is hardly ever the case,
especially in developing countries. </span></div>
<div class="Body" style="mso-line-height-alt: 5.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #00000a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Daniele is a
biologist with a master's and doctoral degree in Ecology and Conservation. She
has extensive experience in coastal and marine conservation which has allowed
her to work in multiple initiatives to integrate and promote
stakeholder/institution engagement towards coastal and ocean sustainability in
Brazil. She is currently a fishery analyst for the Seafood Watch Program
(Monterey Bay Aquarium) (</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.seafoodwatch.org/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">www.seafoodwatch.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #00000a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) and the Research Director for Paiche <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(instagram.com/paichebr) which is a
brand-new consulting firm focused in promoting seafood sustainability in
Brazil. She is also part of the Brazilian Alliance for Sustainable Seafood (</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/abps.pescasustentavel"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">www.facebook.com/abps.pescasustentavel</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #00000a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">), and her work with this organization will be further explained
in the interview</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1. Can you tell to us a
little about “Aliança Brasileira de Pescado Sustentável” and the work being
developed?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The Brazilian Alliance for
Sustainable Seafood (BASS) aims to promote collective actions searching for
solutions to address the many challenges of the seafood supply chain along with
promoting sustainable seafood consumption. BASS was created in 2015 during the
second Seminar on Fisheries and Aquaculture: Seeking Sustainable Solutions. The
meeting culminated in the joint decision to create the Alliance. Attendees
represented the largest ocean conservation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
working in Brazil and included: celebrity chefs, large retailers, food service
companies, industry, government, independent scientists, aquariums and some
prominent universities.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2. What are the main
difficulties for the fish sustainability in Brazil?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">In a nutshell, there's not
enough information. In a country as big as Brazil, without providing fisheries
statistics at a national level for about 10 years, it really shows how great
the challenge is to promote seafood sustainability here. The lack of a
continuous agenda hampers promising initiatives that are also often interrupted
due to changes in the government and/or lack of consistent funding. It is also
worth noting that in such a large country one single solution won't be enough.
We need to identify best practices/initiatives already in place across the
country and replicate the methods where the conditions are similar. This would
allow us to seek solutions that would ultimately meet local problems while also
addressing the local social, environmental, economic and cultural components.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">3. How could we convince the
big companies to practice sustainable fishing?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">From a global standpoint, a
positive aspect that I could mention is that changes are happening outside
Brazil. There's a growing movement promoting seafood sustainability that has
been ongoing for about 20 years, and this wave of changes is finally arriving
here. Due to a large quantity of seafood in Brazil coming from other parts of
the globe, some of this seafood is already certified or evaluated within
seafood recommendation programs. Also, much of what is produced here is
exported, so we've been witnessing sanctions and embargos towards Brazilian
companies for not providing/performing consistent information that is legally
required. What may initially be a negative condition can actually become a
'wake up call' for the big companies. Is the Brazilian government responsible
for not enforcing the regulations? Yes, absolutely. However, companies are also
responsible for not following them many times, despite knowing such regulations.
The challenge here is to enable companies understand the benefits (both
financial and environmental – the latter being usually a long term benefit) of
compliance and also of proactively engaging in more sustainable practices
(which in turn may also increase the value of their product in the market).
Whoever leads such changes will also reap the first benefits.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">4. You recently attended the
“SeaWeb Seafood Summit” event in Barcelona, Spain. How was it to participate to
this event and how is the Brazil's situation in relation to other countries?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">It was an incredible
experience! To be able to meet and network with the world's leaders involved in
the sustainable seafood movement was a game changer for me. I also learned many
inspiring stories from other developing countries addressing similar problems
that we face here (lack of data, low investments, lack of transparency, social
responsibility, etc. Unfortunately, I was the only Brazilian attending the
Summit. Hopefully, this will change in the coming years.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">5. What can each of us do to
contribute to the fish sustainability?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Be a responsible consumer!
Ask what fish is when you go to a restaurant, check labels, and see where your
seafood is coming from when you go grocery shopping. Be aware of species that
are endangered and that shouldn't be consumed. Don't eat sharks and rays (most
of them are endangered species). Vary your seafood options by trying local
species that are not widely known but will likely be more abundant than other
species in high demand (think tuna!). Spread your knowledge to your friends,
colleagues, and family. We need more changemakers!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
Priscilahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09892031851343827042noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-24457681746818295232018-07-15T01:33:00.002-07:002018-07-15T01:55:36.103-07:00Water scarcity: an already systemic issue<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.399999618530273px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Imagine yourself in a very hot day or after spending two hours working out at the gym. Would you get thirsty? It is just amazing to have an iced glass of water to refresh and hydrate our bodies or to take a long shower to relax after a working day. Water is so essential that no living being could survive without it. But have you ever thought that this resource could end or about the problems water scarcity could bring to the ecosystems and human lives as well? Could you imagine our blue planet without the blue part? Unfortunately, water shortage is a reality and we must understand what causes it and its consequences so that we could try to mitigate and avoid worse problems.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The amount of freshwater available in our planet is limited, which puts a cap at how much we can use of it. However, such threshold is likely to be close due to over-exploitation and human’s current unsustainable water use practices. Global demands for water have been increasing since the 1950s, whereas the freshwater supply has been declining. A fast-growing population, associated with ecosystems and land degradation, groundwater depletion, pollution of water courses and the use of water resources for producing more food to an increasing population (through irrigation) are some of the main reasons threatening water availability in terrestrial environments. Climate change is an additional effect that could exacerbate water scarcity in many areas of the world by increasing evapotranspiration rates and through reduced rainfall.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">A group of scientists recently <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0123-1" target="_blank">warned</a> that water shortages are likely to be a major environmental challenge in this century. Indeed, even if we improved the efficiency of irrigations for agriculture, or managed water correctly, some predictions suggest that by 2050 our population will require 12,400 km3 of water, which is almost twice as much as our use today (6800 km3). Irrigation, one of the main uses of water, would probably be the first sector to be impacted by water scarcity, consequently constraining food production in the next decades. In that sense, water scarcity is projected to become one of the main drivers of food scarcity, leading to food insecurity and worsening hunger and poverty.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Water scarcity could also implicate in further ecosystem degradation, desertification, and droughts. These consequences together deprive people of means to survive and to carry on their economic activities, undermining social security and sometimes forcing local people to leave their homes to search for better life opportunities. This is what happened to the Urus-Muratos, a Bolivian population who traditionally depended on fisheries and hunting in the Poopó lake, the second largest lake of Bolivia. The saline lake dried up many times along its, but it would always recover to its original levels. However, because of its shallowness (max depth = 3m), Poopó lake is particularly vulnerable to water withdrawal for irrigation purposes, mining activities and decreased rainfall due to climate change. Since 2016, when it dried up for the last time, both locals and researchers believe the lake won’t recover. Without good perspectives, the Urus-Muratos are migrating to other Bolivian cities.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.333332061767578px;">Fig. 1. Bolivia’s Lake Poopó in (a) April 12<sup>th</sup>, 2013, with water and (b) in January 15<sup>th</sup>, 2016, completely dried. From: </span><span lang="PT-BR"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #954f72; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.333332061767578px;"><a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/87363" style="color: #954f72;">https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/87363</a></span></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Such scenarios are even worse in arid and semi-arid lands where water is no longer abundant and where droughts have become more intense. Arid countries in the sub-Saharan Africa and in parts of South Asia are already subject to hunger, poverty and malnutrition, and water scarcity in such vulnerable areas tends to weight against any strategy to ameliorate social and economic security. As an attempt to better undestand these issues, in June 2018 the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) launched a <a href="http://www.fao.org/3/CA0034EN/ca0034en.pdf" target="_blank">report</a> two days before the World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought, which is celebrated every June 17th since 1995.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.333332061767578px;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Fig. 2. From the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) report on drought and the way its managed in the Near East and North Africa region. </i></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In this report FAO called for a shift in the way governments deal with drought in the Near East and North Africa region. This region is naturally affected by water scarcity and desertification due to its geographical position in the globe, though more severely during the past four decades, especially because of climate change. As a consequence, many socio-economic and environmental impacts are now more frequent. Smallholders and the poor layers of rural societies are especially vulnerable since their current economic activities, such as agriculture, forestry, livestock, and also fisheries, are particularly prone to be impacted by droughts and could severely affect food supply. FAO alerted to the need of a long-term planning and pro-active policy to reduce drought risks and build resilience amongst the 20 countries in the region. The report also states the importance of taking precautionary measures to strengthen societal resilience based on social, economic and environmental contexts of each country instead of just alleviating the consequences of drought through emergency responses.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In Brazil, since 2003, a government initiative called National Program to Support Rainwater Collection and other Social Technologies (“Cistern Program” in short) have been aiding the poor rural population to deal with water scarcity and drought, especially in the poverty plagued semi-arid Northeast region. This program aims to guarantee that people have access to water for human consumption and food production (for small-scale farming) through the use of ordinary and low cost social technologies. Although the program was successful and improved many local livelihoods, and also trained family members to apply these technologies (which enhances their capacity of learning and adapting), its budget for 2018 suffered a 95% cut, which basic kills it – a step back for a region desperately in need of affordable solutions to deal with ever repetitive and more intensive droughts.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.333332061767578px;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Fig. 3. A cistern (on the left) in a rural community in the semi-arid region of the Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. From: Maria Clara B. T. Cavalcanti.</span></i><span style="font-family: "candara";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In an imminent possibility where freshwater scarcity will pose key challenges to humankind in all aspects of living (worsening poverty, hunger, security, and social inequity) and threats to the ecosystems as well, such as desertification, land degradation and impacts on ecosystem services, what could we do now to revert or stop such bad predictions? For a start, it would be nice if we could change our lifestyles to more sustainable food habits that require less water for irrigation, consume less animal products (as they require a lot more water per kg), invest in new technologies to generate “clean energy”, which could then reduce greenhouse gases emissions that contribute to warm up the planet, modernize irrigation infrastructure, plant more trees and reduce deforestation, preserve terrestrial ecosystems and aquifers, and be aware when using water and other natural resources…There are so many things we could do, both individually and in group! Water is a collective good and the right to use it should be turned into the duty to save it. We must start now.</span><span style="font-family: "candara";"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><i><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: medium;">By </span></span>Maria Clara Bezerra</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">For more information, access:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Hanjra, M.A; Qureshi, M.E. 2010. Global water crisis and future food security in an era of climate change. Food Policy 35: 365-377.</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1140291/icode/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1140291/icode/</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://nacoesunidas.org/onu-pede-mudanca-nos-padroes-de-consumo-para-evitar-seca-e-desertificacao/">https://nacoesunidas.org/onu-pede-mudanca-nos-padroes-de-consumo-para-evitar-seca-e-desertificacao/</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-42685289">https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-42685289</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/04/the-ecological-catastrophe-that-turned-a-vast-bolivian-lake-to-a-salt-desert">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/04/the-ecological-catastrophe-that-turned-a-vast-bolivian-lake-to-a-salt-desert</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.unccd.int/">https://www.unccd.int/</a></span><br />
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-19542101105270816742018-06-13T00:28:00.001-07:002018-06-13T00:40:59.892-07:00Ethics issues of consuming seafood<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Maybe this is something that has never crossed your mind: despite the benefits of eating seafood, what are the ethical implications of doing this? Seafood consumption impacts consumers and the marine environment in both positive and negative ways. Fish consumers may experience an increase of gray matter in the brain, as well as nutritional benefits, but those benefits may be balanced against mercury contamination. Environmental impacts include unsustainable harvesting and other alterations to the oceans’ health. Yes, you probably heard about all of these before. However, in addition to consumer-related and environmental concerns, labor trafficking (over 45 million people around the globe are trapped in some form of slavery, see the <a href="https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/" target="_blank">Global Slavery Index 2016</a>) – has become an issue in the fishery industry worldwide. Do you know or do you even care if your fish was caught with forced labor?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Forced labor or labor trafficking encompasses a range of activities (e.g.: recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing, or obtaining) involved when a person uses coercive means to compel someone to work. Most enslaved workers are involved in the agriculture, fishing, construction, manufacturing, and mining industries. In fishing, this forced labor is used on illegal vessels across the world, regions such as Asia and India being especially risk-prone both to labor trafficking and illegal fishing. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The world’s fourth-largest seafood exporter from Asia, Thailand, has been gained international attention for labor trafficking because it is estimates that up to 300,000 people work as slave in its fishing industry. Forced labor and other rights abuses are widespread in Thai fishing fleets, which carry around 60 exploited workers per boat and go out to sea for months at a time. In this way, fishers wound up working in terrible conditions for no pay at all, for years at a time, and can be sold from captain to captain for not much more than $430 each.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Figure 1: Living quarters on the boats are hot and cramped, with crew sleeping just 2 hours between shifts, in Thailand. From: <a href="https://heizerrenderom.wordpress.com/2015/07/29/om-in-the-news-your-cat-slavery-and-the-seafood-supply-chain/" target="_blank">https://heizerrenderom.wordpress.com/2015/07/29/om-in-the-news-your-cat-slavery-and-the-seafood-supply-chain/</a></i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In 2014, a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jun/10/supermarket-prawns-thailand-produced-slave-labour" target="_blank">report</a> revealed the strong relationship between Thailand slave labor and the global shrimp supply chain, involving supermarkets and restaurants in the United Kingdom and the United States, like Walmart, Kroger, and Red Lobster. The United Kingdom already has legislation in place covering many aspects of work-on-board fishing vessels, but much of this needs to be updated in order to comply with the International Labour Convention – ILO 188. Furthermore, since the European Union threatened to ban its fish imports in 2015, Thailand’s government has been considering fishing industry reforms. That said, little has been done; the last <a href="https://www.hrw.org/es/publications" target="_blank">Human Rights Watch’s report</a> shows rights abuses and forced labor continue in Thailand’s fishing sector. </span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Figure 2: Burmese fishers raise their hands as they are asked who among them want to go home at the compound of Pusaka Benjina Resources fishing company in Benjina, Aru Islands, Indonesia. From <a href="https://asiancorrespondent.com/" target="_blank">https://asiancorrespondent.com </a></i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">However, raising awareness with the goal of preventing labor trafficking in the fishing industry has inspired widespread activism and research working both against forced labor and for sustainable fishery. Recently, the Monterey Bay Aquarium launched its first database to combat forced labor in the fishery industry. The <a href="http://www.seafoodslaveryrisk.org/" target="_blank">Seafood Slavery Risk Tool </a>is a database jointly run by the Seafood Watch program, Liberty Asia, and the Sustainable Fisheries Partnership. It is designed to help corporate seafood buyers assess the risk of forced labor in the seafood they purchase by checking a fishery risk rating varying into critical, high, moderate or low. The new tool considers reliable indicators about known abuses, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, duration of the fishing trip, and evidence of forced labor, human trafficking and child labor in other sectors. Different from the Seafood Watch app, which advises retailers on which species into purchase, this new program seeks to change the seafood industry by working with suppliers to change their practices, talking openly about slavery and human rights. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In 2014, nearly 3 billion people relied on fish as their main source of protein. Rather than leaving the government to address the causes of slavery labor, we, as fish consumers, can change corporate practices by speaking out against companies profiting from unsustainable fishery. Before we purchase seafood, we need to ask the following questions: How was this fish caught? Does the fishing gear result in bycatch and/or habitat destruction? Where on the food chain does the fish live? Is it wild or farmed? Did slaves catch my seafood? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">If we want fishing to remain part of our culture, we should choose seafood carefully, taking into account the social, environmental, economic, and, sure, ethical issues across the whole supply chain. With this in mind, would you think cautiously before eating or buying seafood next time? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">More interesting sources on slave labor in the fishing industry:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a href="https://www.endslaverynow.org/" target="_blank">https://www.endslaverynow.org</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a href="http://www.seafish.org/tess/" target="_blank">http://www.seafish.org/tess/</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a href="https://www.socialresponsibilityalliance.org/strt/" target="_blank">https://www.socialresponsibilityalliance.org/strt/</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a href="http://www.sustainability-incubator.com/servicedir/labor-safe-screen/" target="_blank">http://www.sustainability-incubator.com/servicedir/labor-safe-screen/</a></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">By Monalisa Silva</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-13920090745093171592018-05-18T04:12:00.000-07:002018-05-19T07:55:56.184-07:00Tracing the distribution of fish species through fishing landings monitoring<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">The understanding the state of conservation of marine ecosystems and the
distribution and recovery capacity of marine species continue to gain momentum
among marine scientists, marine resource users and other stakeholders. The main
concern is overfishing, which affects the supply of seafood, income generation
for large, medium and small-scale fisheries and the livelihoods of
resource-dependent coastal communities, especially those in the developing
world.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Of the approximately
250,000 catalogued marine species, about 16,000 species are exploited by
commercial fisheries. Projections made by marine scientists estimate between 2
to possibly 10 million fish species<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yet
to be discovered and probably exploited.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Predictive models
coupled with bibliometric analyses showed that in the first decade of 2000 the
number of authors describing new species each year increased to up to 4,900
authors. In Brazil, which covers almost half of South America and holds more
than 20% of the total number of species on Earth, the species richness and
range of known distribution grows each year. Surprisingly, in Brazil and
elsewhere, new species are still being discovered and described even among
large-bodied or economically important groups. Clearly, the rate of discovery
is greater for taxonomic groups poorly studied in the past.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The number of marine
species not described is partly due to the number of habitats and geographical
areas that remain unexplored. One side effect is the current knowledge gap on
the distribution of species along its expected range. This was the case of two
coastal species in Brazil, recently registered in the coastal fishing of Rio
Grande do Norte, on the northeastern coast of Brazil: the pacuma toadfish (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Batrachoides surinamensis</i>) and the spotted
ocean triggerfish (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Canthidermis maculata</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Pacuma toadfish are
commonly found in shallow brackish waters of estuarine environments and were
recorded in the northern portion of the state, while spotted ocean triggerfish are an
offshore fish that have a tropical circumglobal distribution; its presence was
recorded in the central portion of the state. The state of Rio Grande do Norte
was, until then, the only gap in the expected distribution range for pacuma
fish. On the other hand, it was expected that the spotted ocean triggerfish
would occur along the entire Brazilian coast, although it was previously
recorded only in two places: one in the northeast (Bahia state) and one in the
south (Santa Catarina). Both species are listed as being of Least Concern by
the International Union for Conservation of Nature - IUCN (Collette, 2010,
Laws, 2015) and by the Brazilian Red List of Threatened Species (Decree 445,
Brazilian Red List, 2014), and there is no record of their exploration in Rio
Grande do Norte. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In general, most of
the research concerns commercially important fish, explaining why fish, such as
these two recently described, were not noticed. In addition to misreporting or
total absence of reporting, there is also the risk of wrong labeling, since
many species are often landed as fillets, making it difficult to identify and
protect them properly. Finally, there has been a growing global demand for triggerfish
for human consumption, for export and for aquarium purposes, making fishing
pressure even heavier on this species.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj24_47TSK3eeJTycZ1guSQyS0VdJH6w4pazzz63bixe3fIB0RrIZU32JTXcGNe71g8iq5eC2nSSHm3chyphenhyphentLpuLkdg8gmh1ruM_nPmUKtvdIQm_BEHXoUW8zP3-bhPlHeH-4-sMu9o4l5XY/s1600/Presentaci%25C3%25B3n1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="652" data-original-width="498" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj24_47TSK3eeJTycZ1guSQyS0VdJH6w4pazzz63bixe3fIB0RrIZU32JTXcGNe71g8iq5eC2nSSHm3chyphenhyphentLpuLkdg8gmh1ruM_nPmUKtvdIQm_BEHXoUW8zP3-bhPlHeH-4-sMu9o4l5XY/s640/Presentaci%25C3%25B3n1.jpg" width="488" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">We confirmed this
trend, since after our first registration of the spotted ocean triggerfish, we
registered the total landing of 1.6 tons of the species in five months of
landing records in the main port of Natal (in the state of Rio Grande do
Norte). On average, it represents 230kg of species landed monthly and more than
1,500 individuals captured per month only in the main port of Rio Grande do
Norte. In terms of research, this is just the tip of the iceberg, , a lot more
ought to be done before we can truly understand these species and attribute a
precise conservation status to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">C.
maculata</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">B. surinamensis</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">If, on the one hand, commercial
fishing can take these species out of the shadows, on the other hand, it can
also lead them to exhaustion, especially if fishing has only started focusing
on them because of a shortage of previously preferred targets. Therefore, while
such records may boost interest in the economic importance of spotted ocean
triggerfish in the Western Atlantic, as suggested by the recorded catch rate, we
may not have time or human and economic resources to assess the ecological
status of these resources before they are overexploited. </span></div>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH5JGhrEIx9SeyEgBBarwzo8YkD7n0NQELpbxay26qlKuB1Df8uOTJ2j1ZmqROK4YuZBnJVW159IYpry3LwCrzqfV21o9z_ZXD4kGQUAKmVSD59pCLRMcupKcDEiDTdHWc9DN1Y3mBKVQz/s1600/Presentaci%25C3%25B3n2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH5JGhrEIx9SeyEgBBarwzo8YkD7n0NQELpbxay26qlKuB1Df8uOTJ2j1ZmqROK4YuZBnJVW159IYpry3LwCrzqfV21o9z_ZXD4kGQUAKmVSD59pCLRMcupKcDEiDTdHWc9DN1Y3mBKVQz/s640/Presentaci%25C3%25B3n2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><i>Pacuma toadfish (Batrachoides surinamensis) was recorded in Porto do Mangue. Spotted
ocean triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata)
was recorded in Natal harbor.</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhvt0owWuTfZB7e95J5kosIXnIabdWkqoAyxBOY_09pC-xSBywY_ZbTQBs0Fo-zFPxarAaRd-i9B2ZBZRDClZAU2YPbJnfQ7F9YkO2QhyaAyvu9qTdfgQTG0C05A0Rs_B6WioSGp6A4Yu3/s1600/Presentaci%25C3%25B3n1.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhvt0owWuTfZB7e95J5kosIXnIabdWkqoAyxBOY_09pC-xSBywY_ZbTQBs0Fo-zFPxarAaRd-i9B2ZBZRDClZAU2YPbJnfQ7F9YkO2QhyaAyvu9qTdfgQTG0C05A0Rs_B6WioSGp6A4Yu3/s640/Presentaci%25C3%25B3n1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Roughly 100 individuals of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Canthidermis maculata</i> landed on 2<sup>nd</sup>
March 2017 in the main port of Natal (Rio Grande do Norte state). Total
landings recorded on this date reached 600 kg of the species. </span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><i>By Adriana R. Carvalho</i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>Paper referred:</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Garcia Jr, J.; Alves,G.A.; Oliveira J.E.L.; Carvalho A.R. 2017. First record of Batrachoides surinamensis (Bloch & Schneider 1801) and Canthidermis maculata (Bloch, 1786) (Pisces: Teleostei) from Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern coast of Brazil. Check List 13(3): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.3.2119 </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>References used:</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Appeltans, W. 2012. The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity. Current Biology 22: 2189–2202. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036 </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">MMA (2018) Biodiversidade. http://www.mma.gov.br/biodiversidade. Accessed 17 Jan 2018.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Sahayak, S., Joshi K.K. and Sriramachandramurty V. 2014. Taxonomy of the Ocean triggerfish, Canthidermis maculata (Tetradontiformes, Balistidae) from the Indian coast. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India, 56 (2):56-61. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.6024/jmbai.2014.56.2.01770A-08</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Steege H, Vaessen RW, Cárden D, et al. 2016. The discovery of the Amazonian tree flora with an updated checklist of all known tree taxa. 1–15. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">doi: http://10.1038/srep29549 </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-86868307480807463782018-04-27T07:34:00.004-07:002018-04-27T08:40:08.476-07:00Covering the patches in the Brazilian fishing statistics<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Since 2010, the Brazilian government has not collected fish landing data, essential information for the monitoring the Brazilian marine fisheries. There is also no information on the actual number of fishermen, the number and capacity of the vessels involved and the state of the infrastructure linked to fishing. Without such basic information, we are left in total darkness in a game of guessing what is happening to our oceans and to the food that so many people depend upon for their food security and livelihood.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWh7KJ5ThUSdOsfL-pdJwPbWpZdQFrCL3z1zYV7Dnxc171clQBnrs7wM5nd_6mEH51odY79NTfLcW4OA9wf5RVIhI8B7QRoBV0y0wNd8xvAi2N6beMM80LWZDhFMOPMmLmDD0uPJX45QMT/s1600/Copa_2018.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1500" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWh7KJ5ThUSdOsfL-pdJwPbWpZdQFrCL3z1zYV7Dnxc171clQBnrs7wM5nd_6mEH51odY79NTfLcW4OA9wf5RVIhI8B7QRoBV0y0wNd8xvAi2N6beMM80LWZDhFMOPMmLmDD0uPJX45QMT/s400/Copa_2018.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><i>Copacabana no Rio de Janeiro </i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">We have repeated over and over: fishing statistics are fundamental to know the state of exploitation of our fish stocks. If we do not know what is happening to them, how could we propose sound management measures? How can we address the criticism of fishermen when they disagree with our proposals? In most cases, we only have scattered information to support our claims, while fishermen, especially the industrial ones, may have economic power to lobby their way against regulatory measures.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">But not all is lost. Individual initiatives have been developed to cover the holes left by the government and worsened by the current political instability. One of these initiatives is based on a demand imposed on PETROBRAS, the Brazilian oil company, as a condition for their environmental licensing process in the Santos Basin Pre-Salt Pole and also due to the incidents of oil spill in 2011 during the drilling activities in the Campo do Frade - Campos Basin by Chevron Brazil. In this case, fishing statistics play a double role. The first and official is that statistics can be used as an indicator of some eventual consequence of oil exploitation and oil spill incidents. The second one is to have the statistics themselves, which can be used as, mind the novelty, statistics!!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Thus, since 2017, the Monitoring Project for Fishing Activity in the State of Rio de Janeiro has been under way, following the same steps of the monitoring that occurs in the States of São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina . In Rio, PETROBRAS is implementing compensatory measures aiming at the conservation of coastal biodiversity, the sustainable use of fishing resources, the strengthening of artisanal fishing and environmental education.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQjtigKMTPoXcCOOB5ZA75DJlfN8aUjs9ld27GfqJCJF24ErKfcZGw81-Muqvw-gDCdwyj2eeTyXsrpGsNS-HmejazJLNepbaPtSxR6NPJBIXm0Pfd93m_F5D70kGOMAexeQsVpRp_Pb9s/s1600/Boaviagem_2018.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="1276" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQjtigKMTPoXcCOOB5ZA75DJlfN8aUjs9ld27GfqJCJF24ErKfcZGw81-Muqvw-gDCdwyj2eeTyXsrpGsNS-HmejazJLNepbaPtSxR6NPJBIXm0Pfd93m_F5D70kGOMAexeQsVpRp_Pb9s/s400/Boaviagem_2018.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"><i>Boa Viagem in Niterói</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The Rio project includes the daily landing monitoring (species, gear, effort and location of fishing ground) in 21 coastal municipalities. A forthcoming census is also expected to define and understand the socioeconomic profile of fishers, together with the identification of the existent fishing infrastructure. Such information will be available to the government, scientific and productive sector and society, and we hope it will be used to support the establishment of public policies for fisheries sustainable development. It is expected that all data will be available soon at: <a href="http://pescarj.fundepag.br:81/noticias.html" target="_blank">http//pescarj.fundepag.br:81.</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">It's a shame that the only statistics we may have in the future will come as a condition for oil exploitation, but on such gloomy days, we will stick to the notion that having this is better than nothing. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><i>By Ana Helena Bevilacqua</i></span></div>
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-68056838692364101542018-04-12T04:25:00.003-07:002018-04-12T04:25:52.673-07:00ProjectAqui: A web application tool developed to explore the statistics of aquaculture in Brazil and South America.<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Regardless of the industry or interests involved, most people have probably heard, at least once, about the importance of having good data. Good data, coupled with good data analyses, are critical to supporting better decisions of any kind, and avoid wasting time. The Brazilian aquaculture industry, together with government agencies, provide a lot of data, which is usually poorly analyzed, which motivated the creation of the web application ProjectAqui. This app was developed to present, in an interactive way, information on the aquaculture production of the Brazilian states and South American countries. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9hjvRa_vkkVUix3ohfw67CzZiUTEMDL-nSWpzOoMVYSDtW33nAQ6_9qA7lJHGpbZcLmRN-P10qoAPh7G-Z3GJYD4ADZH2Z4I4CPwJHDNgdnpPHDDgKWajf4FgMzNSds7zo-mmQqQHnEE7/s1600/Captura+de+pantalla+2018-04-12+13.24.56.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="868" data-original-width="1014" height="545" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9hjvRa_vkkVUix3ohfw67CzZiUTEMDL-nSWpzOoMVYSDtW33nAQ6_9qA7lJHGpbZcLmRN-P10qoAPh7G-Z3GJYD4ADZH2Z4I4CPwJHDNgdnpPHDDgKWajf4FgMzNSds7zo-mmQqQHnEE7/s640/Captura+de+pantalla+2018-04-12+13.24.56.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">It aims to enable policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders to explore local and continental patterns of growth and decline in the aquaculture industry. The information can be displayed as total production and also sorted by species. The data used correspond to the most recent reports published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE - 2013-2016) and by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO 2010-2016).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">The Web app is available at:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://euriconoleto.shinyapps.io/ProjectAqui/" target="_blank">https://euriconoleto.shinyapps.io/ProjectAqui/</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Users can also follow the latest project updates at:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/project/ProjectAqui-Um-aplicativo-web-sobre-estatisticas-da-producao-aquicola-brasileira" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/project/ProjectAqui-Um-aplicativo-web-sobre-estatisticas-da-producao-aquicola-brasileira</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">We encourage everyone to give us feedback and report bugs to: <a href="mailto:euriconoleto@hotmail.com" target="_blank">euriconoleto@hotmail.com</a></span></div>
mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-37921749426374263432018-03-11T09:46:00.000-07:002018-03-11T09:48:52.898-07:00An interview with Leandro Castello<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="about:invalid#zClosurez" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="200" 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" width="152" /></a><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="http://blogs.lt.vt.edu/castello/research-2/" target="_blank">Leandro Castello’s research</a> program focuses on the ecology and conservation of fish and fisheries in relation to global change processes, with particular attention to tropical regions. Most of his research has been on Arapaima spp., one of the largest and most overexploited fishes of the Amazon Basin. His research on arapaima has focused on the migration, reproduction, abundance, and population dynamics, as well as on the skills and knowledge of arapaima fishers. These studies have led to the development of a successful model of community-based management, where fishers themselves assess arapaima populations to determine fishing quotas*. This model has been successfully replicated throughout the Amazon, in and outside Brazil.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br />Lorena Candice, one of the FEME members and a personal fan of Leandro’s, interviewed him about his research. She is personally happy for having had this chance and we are even happier for learning about his opinions.<br /> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>FEME: After almost 20 years managing arapaima in the Mamiraua Sustainable Development Reserve, what is your evaluation of the expansion and evolution of the arapaima management throughout the Amazon, within and outside reserves, and within and outside Brazil?</b><br /><b>LC:</b> I think the result of that work has been outstanding. We had not idea that it was going to work as well as it did, and that it was going to expand to almost 500 fishing communities throughout the Amazon.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Photo by Ricardo Oliveira</span></span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><b>FEME: What are the main challenges faced by managers? How do you think such difficulties could be minimized?<br />LC: </b> I think there are several challenges. Perhaps the biggest one is finding a way for stakeholders, including fishing communities, government agencies, and the various NGO personnel involved to better understand the bio-ecological basis and intricacies of the system. Several basic requirements and features of the ecology of arapaima in the area are not yet properly taken into account, and that decreases the effectiveness of the system. Another challenge is understanding the key factors that promote or impede local communities from complying with the management system’s rules. Illegal fishing for instance is widespread and the communities need help overcoming the social and economic factors that prevent fishers from complying with management rules.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /><b>FEME: As cattle raising grows in the Amazon, so does deforestation. In one of your recent papers, you showed how deforestation affects fisheries, although this is hardly ever taken into account by managers, policy makers and even by the large NGOs. Why do you think such important question has not made into the agenda of these groups? Are the local human communities already feeling the impact of deforestation in their fisheries?<br />LC: </b> Overall, freshwater ecosystems of the Amazon have been at the sidelines of government, conservation, and scientific agencies, so those issues just don’t get the attention they deserve. Local communities have always known that floodplain deforestation decreases fish available for harvesting, but policies to prevent further deforestation are either inappropriate or not enforced.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /><b>FEME: Perhaps a more popular threat, the kind that makes the news and get into the NGOs' agenda, regards the growing implementation of large hydroelectric dams in the Amazon. We've seen some very desperate pledges in the literature regarding the effects such dams have on fish, especially on migratory ones. Are we being too alarmist or not alarmist enough? Are people already feeling the consequences of such large dams?</b><br /><b>LC: </b> It may be too early to tell. We don’t really know. Those dams certainly impact the environment and livelihoods, and one of two will not cause much harm. But the real issue is that several large dams, plus thousands of small stream dams, will certainly cause major changes for which no one is ready to manage. A great deal of research is needed before we can predict their impacts with a reasonable degree of certainty. In the lack of further information, the more cautious we are, the safer future generations will be.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /><b>FEME: If we assume that we will follow the same pace we did so far regarding how we treat the Amazon, what should we expect to happen to Amazonian fisheries?</b><br /><b>LC: </b> Their long-term demise as we now know them. We’ll probably be eating tiny detritivore fish.<br /> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>By Lorena Candice</i></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i> </i></span></span><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">*most of this text was extracted from Leandro´s blog. </span></span></i></div>
mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-65359358808679614692018-02-23T00:32:00.005-08:002018-02-23T00:32:51.439-08:00What you are doing the FEME group students? <div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Júlia Tovar Verba is PhD student of our research group at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. In her thesis she is integrating fishers’ knowledge and scientific information, as well as genetic analysis to build distribution and abundance models for marine fishes of economic interest for Brazil. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Currently, she is doing an internship the Conservation Genetics Lab, at Macquarie University (Australia) with Prof. Adam Stow. Her goal there is to apply Seascape Genetics analysis to identify important environmental drives for connectivity between populations of a snapper (<i>Lutjanus jocu</i>) and a parrotfish (<i>Sparisoma axillare</i>) in the entire Brazilian coast and between coastal and oceanic islands. </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Júlia Tovar Verba</i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">This internship has been supported by the Endeavour Research Fellowships program of the Australian Government, National Geographic Society and CNPq.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">We will see soon new interesting results about here project, meanwhile…</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8xZbZZ07-QM8sPgf6MIMkfc-u9Q8hg87gYktmHGtKaO1TZ2Qk7OXwCnDsgt8npO2p3IIBUr4cnJmOwyrW54axAWmCcunmgqNQr7p317FlxO0sFJZgMYEY8MGFhtoXdN73HCoUukxBmwRv/s1600/descarga.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="179" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8xZbZZ07-QM8sPgf6MIMkfc-u9Q8hg87gYktmHGtKaO1TZ2Qk7OXwCnDsgt8npO2p3IIBUr4cnJmOwyrW54axAWmCcunmgqNQr7p317FlxO0sFJZgMYEY8MGFhtoXdN73HCoUukxBmwRv/s640/descarga.png" width="430" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From: http://obiat.com.au/phd-thesis-writing/</td></tr>
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-6458944218477142322018-02-14T03:17:00.003-08:002018-02-14T10:45:23.989-08:00Identifying feeding areas of the Fernando de Noronha seabirds<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">During the last two years we have
been working together with the <a href="https://pt-br.facebook.com/ong.oceanica/" target="_blank">Oceanica NGO</a> and researchers of the<a href="https://es.ird.fr/" target="_blank"> Institut de recherche pour le développement </a>(IRD,
France) and </span><a href="https://www.ufpe.br/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; text-decoration: none;">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco</span></a><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;"> (UFPE,
Brasil), in a project funded by the <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.fundacaogrupoboticario.org.br/pt/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">Fundação Grupo Boticário</a></span>. The project took place in Fernando de Noronha (FN)
archipelago with the main goal of identifying vulnerable
ecological areas for seabirds of FN, which is an oasis of marine life in relatively
barren open ocean. Indeed among others remarkable biological features, FN
accommodates the largest concentration of tropical seabirds to be found in the
Western Atlantic Ocean. FN is protected by two different categories of protected area, according to the Brazilian legistlation: an APA (environmental protection area) covering
mainly terrestrial ecosystems since 1986 and a marine national park, covering 112.7
km<sup>2</sup> of the archipelago, since 1988. Since 2001, the APA and the
core and buffer area of the national park were listed as World Heritage by
UNESCO. During these years,<a href="https://www-iuem.univ-brest.fr/paddle/project/team/bertrand-sophie" target="_blank"> Sophie Bertrand</a>, responsible for the fieldwork activities,
and her team collected data on red footed boobies (<i>Sula sula</i>), brown
boobies (<i>Sula leucogaster</i>) and especially masked boobies (<i>Sula
dactylatra</i>) species. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqvb26pynucwcRcPOVK8zndiBKc3Xn5jpirnBVzN7FXX9fU1HYfCrUWTCCIDLj7Pz5kk0AdRadz3efT50RyrJ8dcZIjzP_zjnkwQfEP-N1VUaZZG2T16tX0fRTk94J_i-W2vQIj_ar7L3F/s1600/Fig2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="604" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqvb26pynucwcRcPOVK8zndiBKc3Xn5jpirnBVzN7FXX9fU1HYfCrUWTCCIDLj7Pz5kk0AdRadz3efT50RyrJ8dcZIjzP_zjnkwQfEP-N1VUaZZG2T16tX0fRTk94J_i-W2vQIj_ar7L3F/s640/Fig2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Photo of Sula Sula individuals. By Sophie Bertrand</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large;">In particular, the team has tagged several individuals with GPS, dive and accelerometer recorders to
understand feeding areas and marine behavior during critical periods. This requires capturing the same bird twice, once to
deploy the equipment and a second time to recover the device and the data recorded. In addition, at </span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large;">each recapture, animals were measured and biologically sampled (including prey </span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large;">regurgitated). Those biological samples will be analysed by </span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large;">isotopic analyses for identifying their trophic niche (N and C isotopes) and for estimating </span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large;">global biocontamination (Hg isotopes).</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFp_H08d7TZCJXoK6_zUyBU1Z6cEYpFlHZYsLL1vhtmbnB4_2Le-MEEwfoW1PSd0qAm1Aa88eVxbrrgCeypXUQqw5MyLwZJkaqjaRqGF-aQLYBh1i0lVKzvL-MG8W_SO4kTl_q45LV48FM/s1600/Fig10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="515" data-original-width="1011" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFp_H08d7TZCJXoK6_zUyBU1Z6cEYpFlHZYsLL1vhtmbnB4_2Le-MEEwfoW1PSd0qAm1Aa88eVxbrrgCeypXUQqw5MyLwZJkaqjaRqGF-aQLYBh1i0lVKzvL-MG8W_SO4kTl_q45LV48FM/s640/Fig10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Photo of the procedure of capture-recapture. By Sophie Bertrand</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large;">Among the top predators of the ecosystem, there is also the artisanal fishery of the archipelago. This is a small fleet (less than 10 units) that mainly fish with live bait (the 'sardinha' or the 'garapao' whose schools frequent the islands beaches). The fishers' catches consist mainly of barracudas, but also of some jacks, tuna and snappers. During the project two crew members boarded periodically with fishers to document main fishing grounds, fishing activities and catches. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJPieQFuEUq53jcEzacEu4CSQfk2t3TDK1tnWUf6QmAjfmLBeDa1Hcbroj4NrkiFqCl6HGLJ5BzOX1mkGh04vAZiENUwnUpQZ-0POvZMQ_v-wExryIZduSkE-5_0b3hIl1n_FtRLt2dr-n/s1600/Fig6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="604" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJPieQFuEUq53jcEzacEu4CSQfk2t3TDK1tnWUf6QmAjfmLBeDa1Hcbroj4NrkiFqCl6HGLJ5BzOX1mkGh04vAZiENUwnUpQZ-0POvZMQ_v-wExryIZduSkE-5_0b3hIl1n_FtRLt2dr-n/s640/Fig6.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Photo of the fishery of FN. By Sophie Bertrand</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">By analyzing both the bird and the fishing data, we hope to better understand how the structuring of marine habitat conditions the behavior of seabirds, and how they are orienting and feeding in what appears at first glance as a big blue desert. This knowledge should also feed into a reflection on the relevance of different tools for their conservation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">For more information about the
project take a look to the blog <a href="https://fnavesmarinhas.blogspot.com.es/" target="_blank">https://fnavesmarinhas.blogspot.com.es/</a></span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"></span><br />mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7478614308756192728.post-70304214258325584902018-01-29T07:19:00.000-08:002018-01-29T07:23:35.647-08:00What you are doing the FEME group students?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Today we will talk about Natalia. Currently, she is doing a PhD thesis in Ecology at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Her thesis associates habitat preferences, demography and molecular tools aiming to assess the vulnerability of the endemic and endangered Greenbeak parrotfish (<i>Scarus trispinosus</i>), with the goal of subsidizing actions for the species conservation. Last year she worked very hard to collect data...take a look!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Aiming to investigate habitat preferences, underwater visual censuses were conducted along Rio Grande do Norte coast (Brazilian northeast) to collect density and biomass patterns of five endemic Brazilian parrotfish species. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKpDW67ArmHuRzIHYrlZLxHFlgctiOAPoWnUlzkrN1mpiB_JlNmr7bo9mC7I_cbbAVN34H29_XxvabxNjHHsl9t7QZMl98hTnrN0gzc1KzqDmB7agzSQ1m6CF23il10-Y4UVTo4bJyOmiM/s1600/IMG_2235.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1201" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKpDW67ArmHuRzIHYrlZLxHFlgctiOAPoWnUlzkrN1mpiB_JlNmr7bo9mC7I_cbbAVN34H29_XxvabxNjHHsl9t7QZMl98hTnrN0gzc1KzqDmB7agzSQ1m6CF23il10-Y4UVTo4bJyOmiM/s400/IMG_2235.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Endemic Brazilian parrotfish individuals.</i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The visual censuses consist of belt transects in which a diver identified, counted and estimated the total length of the parrotfish species inside an area of 40 m² (20 x 2 m). </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG2qwrcN7WN72lr6R5tCziKr-YIZOZ6xtiQa4YGd3QCicwNq2iNwkZ4-ABwvqccpWNfkrSZdC_wZWRAIiWeSXbmB2dpk5bfhiJtcCb5bqN2T5y-NmupnNcSLD0KX40SoBh9xY9rT9vVVdc/s1600/IMG_3139.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG2qwrcN7WN72lr6R5tCziKr-YIZOZ6xtiQa4YGd3QCicwNq2iNwkZ4-ABwvqccpWNfkrSZdC_wZWRAIiWeSXbmB2dpk5bfhiJtcCb5bqN2T5y-NmupnNcSLD0KX40SoBh9xY9rT9vVVdc/s400/IMG_3139.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Natalia during a visual census.</i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Parrotfish biomass was estimated using length-weight relationships available in the literature. Following each visual census, a second diver ran the same belt transect taking one photo of the benthos every two meters, resulting in ten photos per transect. Each photograph was analyzed with the software photoQuad to investigate the benthic cover. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2dGVL50hPf5qCDmbImQvUlViB4DA7mtrAXNhmoNqhbLmn-TMCuwbmDnzorOYCSaV3MiI4twSToZogicnzDB8CTydmdy1so8SzIcRlXN1qPln9WWqD6vTzghbUcHY9EVT2fhJHmDYR-nJP/s1600/IMG_0620.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2dGVL50hPf5qCDmbImQvUlViB4DA7mtrAXNhmoNqhbLmn-TMCuwbmDnzorOYCSaV3MiI4twSToZogicnzDB8CTydmdy1so8SzIcRlXN1qPln9WWqD6vTzghbUcHY9EVT2fhJHmDYR-nJP/s400/IMG_0620.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Looking for reef features.</i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Other reef features (complexity, depth and coast distance) of each site are also considered. The data are being analyzed and the results will be shown soon. </span><br />
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mgraziahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00133566396267515374noreply@blogger.com1